Baba and Nyonya Culture

HISTORY OF BABA & NYONYA Peranakan and Baba Nyonya in chinese ( / baba niang re) are terms used for the descending(prenominal)s of late 15th and 16th-century Chineseimmigrants to the Nusantara theatrical role during the Colonial era. In bothMalay andIndonesian, Peranakan is defined as descendant with no connotation of the ethnicity of descent unless followed by a subsequent adjustment noun, such as for exampleCina(Chinese),Belanda(Dutch) orJepang/Jepun(Japanese). Babais a Persian bestow-word borrowed byMalaysian as an honorific solely for grandparents it was used to refer to the Straits-Chinese males.Female Straits-Chinese posterity were either called or styled themselvesNyonyas. The wordnyonya(also commonly misspellednonya) is aJavaneseloan honorific word from ItalianNona(grandma) meaning foreign married Madam. lyric poem The lecture of the Peranakans,Baba Malay (Bahasa Melayu Baba), is acreole dialect of theMalay language (Bahasa Melayu), which contains manyHokkien words. I t is a dying language, and its contemporary use is mainly bound to members of the older generation. Culture 1. ClothingThe Nyonyas clothing was identical to that of the native Malays baju panjang (long dress), batik sarung (batik wrap-around skirt) and kerongsang (brooch). Beaded slippers calledKasut Manekwere a hand-made made with much achievement and patience strung, beaded and sewn onto canvas with tiny faceted meth beads fromBohemia (present-dayCzech Republic). 2. Religion Baba Nyonya subscribed to Chinese beliefs Taoism, Confucianism and Chinese Buddhism, celebrated theLunar New Year and theLantern Festival, while adopting the customs of the land they settled in, as well as those of their colonial rulers.There are traces of Portuguese, Dutch, British, Malay and Indonesian influences in Baba culture. A certain number of Baba Nonya families were and still are, Catholic. 3. Food From the Malay influence a uniqueNyonya cuisine has developed using regular(prenominal) Malay spic es. Examples are Chicken Kapitan, a dry chickencurry, and Inchi Kabin, a Nyonya version of fried chicken.. Swikee Purwodadi is a peranakan dish fromPurwodadi, it is a frog soup dish. INTRODUCTION TO BABA & NYONYA WEDDING The espouse ceremony of the Peranakan is largely based on Chinese tradition, and is one of the most colourful wedding ceremonies in Malaysia and Singapore.The traditional Peranakan wedding is a 12-day affair which is usually carried out in the brides house, where ceremonies standardised the Lap Chai (exchange of gifts) and Cheo Thau (coming of age) are carried out. The Cheo Thau ceremony is one of the most important ceremonies and mark the starting line occasion when the bride and bridegroom will wear their authentic wedding robes. The actual wedding ceremony will only take correct before noon that day, after the Cheo Thau ceremony. Next, follows the Chim Pang ceremony which marks the first meeting in the midst of the couple where the bride would lead the groo m into the bridal bedchamber where he would unveil her.Together they would be served tea and a bowl of kueh ee small white and red dumplings in a bouquet broth. The third ceremony takes place in the bridal chamber. This is called Chia Sia. This ceremony is amuse and unique because friends and guests of the bridegroom would gather in the room and tease the bride with the entrust of inducing laughter from the bride. The finale of the wedding ceremony, would be the dua belas hari or one-twelfth Day ceremony, where the marriage would be confirmed and approved by inference of the brides virginity.Firstly, the brides parents would invite the bridegrooms mother to inspect a handkerchief (known as aBim Poh) quiet from the wedding bed. The handkerchief will be placed on a tray and presented to the bridegrooms mother for inspection, where she would be invited to perform a test by squeezing lime juice on the handkerchief in hope of ascertaining the authencity of the stain. Exchanging o f gifts between both the family. Gorgeous hand embroidered beaded shoes (kasut manik)

Ethical and Socially Responsive Business Essay

Some of the key argonas of Chipotles code of conduct that are of significant importance to the business is the integrity statement and the anti-discrimination, anguish and knowledgeable harassment policy.In the Chipotles Ethics and Conflicts of Interest insurance of the honor Statement, integrity is ab by being real and being honest. It means doing the ripe(p) thing even when no one is watching. That means that you should do the alike thing when your manager or co-workers is around or if they arent around. No matter what, each of them must acquiesce personal responsibility for doing the duty thing. Whether that means when someone is around or non. It also states that they should non accept bountys from competitors, suppliers, vendors, potential vendors, or business entities with which they are conducting business on behalf of Chipotle. When accept gifts they should never accept a gift unless it meets on the whole of the following criteria (1) it is not a cash gift (2) it i s consistent with universal business practices (3) it is not excessive in value (i.e., is under $150) (4) it cannot be construed as a bribe or payoff and (5) it does not defile some(prenominal) justness or regulation.If you are not sure whether a gift or proposed gift is appropriate, please discuss it with your film director/Director, who may, in isolated cases, admire your acceptance of a gift that may otherwise confound pique criteria (2) or (3). Each year, employees in management positions should be prepared to bias a statement disclosing any amusement, gifts, or services that they or members of their supply spend a penny pass judgement. Any items that realize been accepted must be account at that time, regardless of whether they were previously discussed with your Manager/Director. Your Manager/ Director provide determine if you may keep the gift, return it, or whether it should more fitly become Company property. You should never offer, give, or provide a gif t unless it meets the following criteria (1) it is not a cash gift (2) it is consistent with customary business practices (3) it is not excessive in value (i.e., is under $150) (4) it cannot be constructed as a bribe or payoff and (5) it does not violate anylaw or regulation.Just like when receiving gifts, if you are not sure whether a gift or proposed gift is appropriate, discuss it with your Manager/Director, who may, in isolated cases, approve your giving of a gift that may otherwise have violated criteria (2) or (3). I animadvert that this is big when receiving or giving gifts because you dont want to lose your business concern over something so small. It is also a good idea to have something like this written down because for someone who doesnt know any better, it go forth help them out a lot. You may accept entertainment invitations, such as business meals, if they are in line with accepted business practices, could not be constructed as potentially influencing your busine ss judgment or creating an obligation on your part, and if public knowledge of your participation would not embarrass you or Chipotle. When such business activities occur frequently, such cost should be shared or paid for on reciprocal basis. You should ever be professional.Act professionally and conscientiously when devising business decisions. in the flesh(predicate) relationships should never interfere, or give the appearance of interfering, with business actions, judgments, or decisions. When making decisions, weigh all factors impartially and without prejudice and make all decisions whole based on merit. You should honor your agreements and do not encourage or interfere with other parties contracts or agreements. Avoid legal speculation or conclusions in your communications. And you should not discuss areas beyond your knowledge or expertise. This is really of the essence(predicate) because I think that you should act and be professional on any job that is out here. The An ti-Discrimination, Harassment and cozy Harassment Policy states Chipotle believes in the value of a diverse workforce, equal opportunity, and a work free of discrimination and all forms of unlawful harassment. Chipotle prohibits unlawful discrimination, harassment, and sexual harassment.Employees who violate this policy may be disciplined up to and including termination. Chipotle strongly believes that employees and applicants for involution should be treated without regard to race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, marital status, sexual orientation, gender identity, disability, veteran status, genetic information, or any other prohibited basis. This applies to all employment practices. At Chipotle, no form of harassment is acceptable. This includes joking remarks or other abusive conduct (including verbal, non-verbal, or physical conduct)that demeans or shows hostility. Sexual harassment is also prohibited because it may be intimidating or an abuse of power and it is inconsistent with their policies, practices, and management philosophy. Discrimination or harassment of an employee-whether by another employee, supplier, vendor, or customer-is strictly prohibited.This policy I think is the most important because without this policy, so many people can harry and scared to tell someone about it. Also the anti-discrimination policy is important because of the fact that a lot of women are discriminated against a lot of jobs out here because the mangers think that they arent fit for them. Some of the key step that Chipotle should take to ensure that employees follow the code of conduct would be to have them read it when they are first hired. And then every 2 or 4 months they could give them tests on it to make sure they know and consider it. They can also make sure the managers are up to get out on the code of conduct as well. Some ways in which Chipotle can engage in socially responsive activities in the residential district within it is operate d. They can donate all their unused food to unsettled shelters. They can do special deals for the senior citizens and for veterans other than Veterans Day. They can build up customer relationships. They can do that by having loyalty programs. They must have good customer service or their customers will not return.Resources(1) Chipotle Code of Conduct(2) http//www.grouponworks.com/merchant-blog/marketing/four-easy-ways-to-build-customer-relationships-resturant/ (3) http//smallbusiness.chron.com/rules-conduct-resturant-employees-18671.html

Full Day Kindergarten Essay

to the intact solar twenty-four hour period kindergarten should be mandatory and of no scanty cost for all of the elementary tames. This specify come on boost the sisterrens donnish achievement. The children that argon exposed to beneficial solar twenty-four hour period kindergarten will learn to a greater extent in literacy and mathsematics than those in half- solar daytime kindergarten. The students that atomic number 18 in a practiced day programme she-bop to sp supplant to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) snip on their math, write, and narration activities. The rise day students in addition get the reinforcement of beingness able to participate in gym, art, and music programmees. The half-day students do non get to experience gym, art, or music class.I return seen results first pass off beca give I chose to put my countersign in a safe day kindergarten versus the half-day. I chose to bring my countersign to a school that is located i n Fridley so that he could receive the benefits of the panoptic day kindergarten. The half-day program that Blaine offers has a very undesirable memorandum for p arents who recreate. The half-day register for Blaine elementary school is large days Mondays, Wednesdays, and every different Friday. I think that the earlier the educational intervention begins the higher the impact and the to a greater extent likely the effects will be retained.Other than the health of a child, I think that zero should be more essential than their education. Giving children the opportunity to be in a execute-of-the-moon day kindergarten program gives them opportunities that the half-day students do non receive. whizz of the opportunities is being able to spend more judgment of conviction on interpret, writing, and math. The t severallyers alike(p)ly swallow more date to sit unrivaled on unmatched with individually student one or in small groups and work on these skills.They in any c ase puddle a different theme for each month that they focus on. Some examples of the themes are the solar system, U. S.presidents, maps, and the celebrations nigh the founding. Children also absorb things more easily when they are younger. Being a contract of a full day kindergarten student, I see the results of the extra indicant, writing, and math that the instructor does with him. My son is one of the youngest in his class and he is reading at a first grade level. As for his writing, he examine to write big words using phonics. For example, I came home one day a few months ago and he had written on his dry erase board I see a rosy-cheeked ladebug. He also brought home a worksheet that he had written nearly his favorite fruits.On this worksheet, he had written watrmlon. As far as his math goes, he is always measuring things in the house with a kids yard ruler. The themes that they work on each month give the students the ability to chouse what is vent on in the world around them. My son came home from school one day and told me that on that point was a planet that was not considered a planet anymore. I did not populate this and I was in complete awe. tally to Debra Ackerman, Children in full day kindergarten programs come to higher on their achievement test than those in half-day programs.Full-day kindergarten advocates suggest that a longer school day provides educational harbor that ensures a productive beginning school experience and increases the chances of approaching school success. In both full-day and half-day programs, kindergartners spend most of their class sequence functional on reading, language arts, and math activities, but the total number of minutes teachers devote to specific subjects differs. For example, 80 percent of full day but only about 50 percent of half-day programs devote more than 30 minutes each day to mathematics instruction.Sixty-eight percent of full day but only 37 percent of half-day classrooms dedic ate at least 60 minutes to reading instruction each day. by chance most striking, 79 percent of full-day teachers read aloud to their students every day, compared to 62 percent of half-day teachers. Reading aloud is a critical activity in supporting to develop childrens reading skills. Additional research shows childrens literacy teaching is enhanced in full-day programs, as the full-day schedule provides a more intensive, ongoing, enriched language and literacy experience for the young child. (Ackerman) Children in full day kindergarten programs score higher on their achievement test than those in half-day programs. I asked my sons kindergarten teacher, Ms. Janssen, what the average for reading was for her class. Ms. Janssen stated that the majority of her students are already in the first grade reading level as of the end of the second trimester. As said by the Indiana Association of everyday School Super Intendants, Full day kindergarten programs are associated with greater r eading achievement gains during the kindergarten year than half day programs.(Plucker, 6) The students are graded on their writing and math abilities as well. consort to the Kalamazoo Public Schools reports, The group of kindergartners groundbreaking in 2010 to first grade at Kalamazoo Public School, where 60 percent tested at or above the 50th percentile in reading on the Iowa Test of Basic Skills last April. Thats a 7-point increase compared to Kalamazoo Public School first-graders tested in April 2009, Rice said. On the Iowa Test Basic Skills math test, 52 percent of first-graders tested at or above the 50th percentile last spring, a 12-point uprise over spring 2009.The Iowa Test of Basic Skills are administered in schools countrywide and is a norm-referenced test, which means scores are based on how students perpetrate compared to other test-takers. The Kalamazoo Public School results show that 60 percent of Kalamazoo students are in the top half of first-graders nationwide in reading and 52 percent are in the top half in math. (Mack) Children who are in full day kindergarten have unwrap tender and behavioural effects than those who are in half-day kindergarten. When children are in school for the full day they have more metre to get to know the other students.They get more time to interact together socially and they are development while they are interacting. The students also get to go to specialists and they go with their classmates. Some of the specialists that Hayes Elementary offers are music, art, Spanish, and gym. Going to the specialist is something that the full day kindergarteners get to do and the half-day kindergarteners do not get to do. These students also get to spend more time with the teacher. This means that they will be less hesitant to approach their teacher. concord to Clark, Some researchers have examined social and behavioral effects. correspond to researchers, a clear relationship emerged between the kindergarten schedule and childrens behavior. Teachers rated children in all-day kindergarten programs higher on 9 of the 14 dimensions at that place were no significant differences on the other 5 dimensions. Other researchers who have studied social and behavioral outcomes found that children in all-day kindergarten programs were engaged in more child-to-child interactions and they made significantly greater progress in learning social skills.(Clark) In the kindergarten classrooms of Hayes Elementary, the students get into groups called totalitys. During this center time, the teacher takes a group of five students to a table to do independent reading and the rest of the students go to a center. The centers are groups of three or four students and the students get to interact socially while doing something educational. Some examples of the centers are writing center, perceive center, leapster center, and art center. The writing center is where the students can write freely.The listening center is wh ere the students put on headphones, listen to directions, and write down what they hear. The leapster center is where the students get to play a handheld learning game that integrates math, reading, and recite in the games. Finally, the art center is where the students get to draw and color what they want. When the time is up the students clean up as groups. A full day of learning offers umpteen social and emotional benefits to kindergarteners. As stated by NEA, They have more time to focus and reflect on activities, and they have more time to transition between activities.When children are taught by hooked teachers, using age-appropriate curricula in small classes they can take full advantage of the additional learning timesocial, emotional, and intellectual that a full day allows. Further, research finds that children adjust well to the full-day format. (NEA) The full day kindergarten teachers plan and use the extra time in class well. The time in class is pass differently in both the full day kindergarten and the half-day kindergarten.According to the research that the Indiana Association of Public School Superintendents, The research provides conclusion that time in full day kindergarten programs is different both quantitatively and qualitatively from how time is used in half day programs (Plucker, ii). Full day kindergarten offers benefits to teachers. Teachers prefer the full day program to the half-day program. If there is a child that is struggling with something, the teacher has the ability to find time to help that student.There is also more time to finish activities. According to Ms. Janssen, With the full day program I am able to get finished four reading groups versus two reading groups in one day. With the full day program we are able to go more in depth on our unit that we focus on in class. (Janssen) According to the NEA, Switching to full-day kindergarten gave teachers more time to plan the curriculum, incorporate a greater number of t hematic units into the school year, and offer more in-depth coverage of each unit. (NEA) In the half-day programs there is less time for multiple activities. According to Dr. Martinez, some(prenominal) kindergarten teachers favor full day kindergarten because they find it difficult to balance cognitive activities and affective social activities in the short kindergarten day. (Martinez, 2) Teachers also prefer full day kindergarten because there is more instructional time than that of a half-day kindergarten program.As stated by the Indiana Association of Public School Superintendents, crossways all of the schools in the Indiana sample, the proportion of instructional time is similar across program types, resulting in much greater instructional time in full day programs, representing approximately 40-50% more instruction in full day programs than half-day programs. (Plucker, ii) Teachers also have the benefit of getting to know the students and their parents better. According to Dr. Martinez, Teachers state that they have a chance to know children and parents better, to do more individualization of instruction, and to expand the curriculum horizontally. (Dr. Martinez) There are so many benefits for the children. A very important benefit is that the full day kindergarteners have the opportunity to an easier transition into the first grade because they are already used to the full day schedule. The time that the students get to spend with the teacher is a great benefit as well. The extra time that is spent with the teacher is as much beneficial for the teacher as it is for the students. According to the research from Dr. Martinez, Teachers thought children developed closer relationships and were more relaxed in the full-day program and tangle more a part of the school.Teachers indicated they were able to give more individual attention to students and that children had more time to develop both faculty member and socialization skills. Teachers noted they cou ld work more on the continuing nurture of each child and felt children showed more advancement. Teachers indicated they felt closer to the children and that they got to know both child and family better. Some indicated in the full day they felt more flexible, were more relaxed and spontaneous, and felt better prepared to meet with parents. (Dr. Martinez, 6) The time that the students get to spend on activities is another great benefit.According to NEA, in a study evaluating teachers views on full-day kindergarten, teachers reported a number of benefits for themselves as well as children and parents. Participating in full day sticking out(p) the transition to first grade, helping children adapt to the demand of a six-hour day. Having more time available in the school day offered more tractability and more time to do activities during free choice times. Having more time actually made the kindergarten program less stressful and frustrating for children because they had time to full y develop an interest in activities.Participating inthe full-day schedule allows more appropriate academic challenges for children at all developmental levels. Children with developmental delays or those at risk for school problems benefited from having more time to complete projects and more time for needed socialization with peers and teachers. (NEA) Full day kindergarten offers more benefits to the students that are at risk and children that come from educational and economical disadvantage homes. If the full day kindergarten programs cost money, as most do, they cost around 3000 dollars per child for the year. The 3000 dollars is charged to the parents of the child.The children that come from the educationally and economically disadvantaged homes would not be able to attend because of the cost. These children are the ones that benefit from the program the most. According to the Indiana Superintendents, Students at or below the poverty level enrolled in full day kindergarten sc ored statistically significantly higher in math and reading than their half day counterparts. Poor children enrolled in full day kindergarten programs tested statistically significantly above half day pupils on reading, spatial, and verbal skills, naming colors and letters, and identifying numerals.(Plucker, 6) Parents prefer full day kindergarten as well. I as a mother prefer the full day kindergarten program to the half-day program. One of the advantages is that I do not have to take care out childcare and who would bring my son to the childcare. Trying to figure out childcare and school between my job schedule would be undesirable. As said by Dr. Martinez, Full-day kindergarten saves parents day-care problems, while providing children a comprehensive, developmentally-appropriate program.Parents said that children often sense more stress when they have to go from a school emplacement to a day-care environment, where different rules and philosophies apply. Therefore, parents fav or a full-day program, which reduces the number of transitions kindergartners experience in a typical day. (Dr. Martinez) Full day kindergarten also takes a gigantic cost out of many parents monthly budget including mine. Even though some people would be against this and say, Why would I have to carry for your childcare? I would say that many parents including myself pay taxes too.Their parents wanted them to have the best education that they could have gotten. Most importantly, I know that my son and many other children are getting the best out of their day while they are in school. They are having fun while they are learning. My son enjoys being in school. If he had a choice, he would go on Saturdays and Sundays. Children attending full day kindergarten spend the day learning instead of watching television or playing video games. Full-day kindergarten provides parents with better support for their children.According to NEA, For parents who work outside the home, full-day kinde rgarten means that children do not have to be shuffled between home, school, and childcare. For all parents, there is more tenaciousness and less disruption in the childs day and more time for focused and independent learning. One study of parent attitudes found that after the second year of a full-day kindergarten program, 100 percent of full-day parents, and 72 percent of half-day parents noted that, if given the opportunity again, they would have chosen full-day kindergarten for their child. (NEA)In conclusion, having full day kindergarten should be mandatory. There are many benefits of the full day kindergarten program. The benefits are not limited to the students. Teachers and parents also get great benefits out of the full day program. According to MaryBeth, Research has shown that it is important to begin learning early in life. School systems that have implemented the academically based full day kindergarten are finding it to be successful. (Calvin) If I had to choose agai n if a child of mine was going to go to full day or half-day kindergarten, I would not regular(a) have to think twice.A childs education should be one of the most important things to think about. These children will be the future and they need a great education to get there. * Works Cited Calvin, MaryBeth. Expectations for Kindergarten in 2010. 3 February 2010. 3 borderland 2011. Clark, Patricia. Recent Research on only Day Kindergarten. 2004. 4 March 2011. Debra J Ackerman, W. S. Making the Most of Kindergarten. March 2005. 4 March 2011. Janssen.

Hate Crimes Essay

A hate disgust is an act of violence, a threat, harassment, or property damage motivated by bigotry and preconceived notion against the actual or perceived race, color, religion, national origin, gender, disability, or sexual orientation of a nonher grouping or individual. These acts ar not only against the victim(s), precisely also the particular group as a whole. hate crimes are very common and often times it is bad to tell whether or not the crime is motivated by hate. I chose this topic because I was watching a TV show press Criminal that told true stories of hate crimes. The one that got me interested was Punks vs. Preps, there had been an ongoing feud between the two groups, which ended in a jejune losing his life. This episode showed one of the many cases of hate crimes that have plagued our nation. Watching it caused me to mystify curious about how often these terrible events happened, as well as, what is universe done to prevent future breakouts of hate crimes.Many people take on that hate crime offenders are hate-filled Nazis or bootboys. But research by a clinical psychologist at the University of calcium shows that out of 1,459 cases in the span of a year less than 5 share were members of a hate group (http//www.hatecrime.org). Most hate crimes are carried out by, seemingly, law-abiding young people who do not cerebrate their actions are wrong. Sometimes drugs and alcohol help initiate these crimes, but the principal(prenominal) factor appears to be somebodyal prejudice. Personal prejudice is what blinds a person from seeing the wrong in what they are doing. Most times this prejudice comes from an environment that sees differences as threats.The worst hate crimes are often move by people with a history of antisocial behavior. One of these examples took come forth in June of 1998 in Jasper, Texas. Three men, with jail records, offered a ride to a black man with a limp. After beating him to death, they dragged him behind their truck until his body was parti all(prenominal)y dismembered (http//hatecrime.org).According to the FBI, about thirty part of all hate crimes in 1996 were crimes against property. They involved robbing, vandalizing, destroying, stealing, and/or arson. Approximately seventy percent involve an attackagainst a person. This can range from simple brush up (without a weapon) to aggravated assault, rape, and murder. This type of attack has two levels of injury, on a persons physical self and also on a persons identity (http//www.stopthehate.org).Educated guesses of the presence of hate crimes in a society are difficult because each state defines and reports these crimes differently. The Hate Crime Statistics Act was enacted in 1990, but federal law enforcement officials did not begin collecting nationwide statistics until the following year. Another obstacle to gaining an blameless count of hate crimes is that many victims are afraid to report the attacks. This comes from the suffering they h ave experienced and fear of retaliation or future jobber with the offender(s). Another reason is that it is difficult to identify a biased motive.Posttraumatic express Disorder is often caused by hate crimes. Some symptoms are bright feelings of vulnerability, anger, and depression, learning problems, and difficulty with relationships (both physical and emotional). Studies have shown that some victims have interpreted as long as five years to overcome the feelings. They may heal more quickly if support is available soon afterward the incident (Punks vs. Preps). Hate crimes not only affect the victim himself, but they also affect the particular group the victim is from or panorama to be from. When the result of the attack is serious injury or the bolshy of a life then it also affects the family and friends of the victim.Racial Hatred is by far the most common type of hate crime with African Americans as the group at greatest risk. In 1996, sixty percent (4,831 of 7,947) of hat e crimes were committed because of race two-thirds of these crimes were targeting African Americans (http//www.fbi.gov/ucr/ucr). The type of crimes committed against this group has not changed since the nineteenth century they still include murder, cross burnings, vandalizing churches, and bombings. As for the other racially motivated crimes, about twenty-five percent were against blanched people, seven percent against Asian Pacific Americans, less than five percent against multiracial groups, and one percent against Native Americans and Alaskan Natives.Ethnic minorities in the United States are often targeted because they arethought to be immature to the country even if their families have been here for generations. Other times they are targeted just because they are seen as different from the majority population.

Investment Ethics Essay

The contemporary world of straightaway functions on investment. There are many types of investment such as investment in dimension, shares, mutual funds, sugar, gold, oil, rice etcetera (Theodore , 1992). The list goes on and on with few forms of investment so inanely mundane ilk investment in over priced paintings by unknown artists that one is coerce to shake their heads at the inanes of how far the concept of investment has come since its inception. investment funds is described in dictionary asIn pay, investment is the bar amplification for of a financial product or former(a) item of esteem with an expectation of favorable future returns. In general terms, investment message the use bullion in the hope of making more funds. In bloodline it is the purchase by a producer of a somatogenic good, such as durable equipment or inventory, in the hope of astir(p) future business. Gambling on the early(a) hand is almost as old as investment itself and its exact origins a re unknown. Scientists believe that the ancient Romans would bet on the surfacecomes of chariot races and gladiator fights.It could be defined as the wagering of money or something of material value on an even sot with an changeful outcome with the primary intent of amiable additional money and/or material goods. Typic all(a)y, the outcome of the wager is evident within a picayune period (Linda , 2006). Now, a raging debate in the world today is whether investment is or is non just another form of sport. I am an opponent of this statement merely will first march on an argument in favor of the statement.The purpose of me including the definitions above was to prove that even the meaning of the words investment and gambling themselves are similar. Any word form of investment be it financial or physical, is done to gain money or to increase the investors wealth. Gambling also serves the same(p) purpose which is to gain financially from an act (though some people gamble for t he thrill of winning etc). Also, in money investment, finance managers everyday gamble outrageous amounts of other peoples money on chance. Such transactions entail high risks and if this is not a form of gambling then what is?In fact, in some religions like Islam, most forms of investment except investment in property and currency, is forbidden because they proclaim it to be gambling which is also forbidden in the religion. In that way, if for people of some faiths it is forbidden completely, then it is wrong from an honorable perspective because you are risking not only your own gather inings but the money of those who have entrusted you with their wealth (like shareholders to security companies). In addition, it is wrong from a moral point of view. This is because gambling gives rise to egoisticalness in the human heart. rapaciousness is a natural emotion for almost all people and investment funds money in the form of higher(prenominal) returns gives birth to insatiability for more money which is why we often see people at casinos squander all their gambling winnings in hope of winning more and more. It is selfish because gamblers profit on the wealth of others and do not care to the highest degree the next person or what big a loss he suffers. Another way that gambling can be wrong is that it may make people idle and complacent. They may be happy to earn their money through gambling only.They may not work sticky because of this for a living because of this and continue to live off gambling without care that it is not a permanent or very stable microbe of income (Elizabeth , 2007). But even though their definitions may be partly similar, the twain words are not common in their truest sense. I retain that investment puts peoples money at risk for chance of a higher return but it is done by professionals like investment managers and financial accountants instead of novices or any Tom, Dick and Harry trying out their luck like in gambling.It is a whol e structured business activity with companies spending months deciding how to spend their customers expectant and hedging (or insulating) the investment against any negative exchange rate or interest movement. Gambling on the other hand requires no such months of planning and development and can be done on the spot. Secondly, gambling involves one party losing and the other winning. The winning of one depends on the others loss. In investment, there is no such tradeoff and all investors can benefit at the same time. Another very logical point here is that gamblers often dont have the same intensive information that investors have.In the long term, gamblers are always stipendiary less in winnings then they have invested. That is not the field with investment. So the debate between whether gambling and investment continues unresolved with two sides vehemently arguing their point. Works Cited Theodore, V. Ethics in Investment Profession. enquiry Foundation of the Institute of Char t. (May 1992). Linda, K. T. Managing Business Ethics. Wiley. (Aug 2006). Elizabeth, A. C. The Psychology of Ethics In finance and Investment. Research Foundation of CFA Institute. (June 2007).

Erikson Lifespan Theory Essay

developmental psychology studies multidimensional aspects, such as physical, cognitive, social and emotional patterns of variety show and stability both in the evolutionary history of humans inside the spirit span development theory. This field of study has historically evolved from cardinal competing worldviews. Overton (1984) defines a worldview (a paradigm/disciplinary matrix/scientific research political plat unionize/research tradition) as a general and abstract framework utilise by scientists to define their research plans. Like focal questions, methods, instruments and basic a priori propositions.There has been much confusion around the integrating of psychology and the Christian faith has led to conflicting attitudes toward this important design. A Reformed evangelistic approach to bringing developmental psychology under the authority of the news is proposed through the validation, modification, and reconstruction of elements in the mechanistic and organismic world vi ews. Christian psychology scholars atomic number 18 encouraged to test their research agenda against the biblical canon in order to determine whether their theoretical formulations, focal questions, methodological approach and interpretation or application of data argon working.Carter and Narramores work (1979) raises some questions at exactly what these authors seek to integrate. It seems that both the statute title of their book and the majority of their argument focus on the disciplines of psychology and faith, their textbook frequently shifts to the integration of psychology every with Christianity (with scripture from the bible or biblical revelation) as though all of these could be interchangeable. They do order that the Christian Scripture is not to be combined with theological interpretation.However, their integration approach remains the same whether the biblical text or theology is the focus of discussion in relation to psychology and as either as a science or as a p rofession. They make do for a continuing dialogue between psychology and theology (Carter & Narramore, 1979 p. 16). Whether i opposes or supports integration depends both on what is being integrated and on the stated goal of integration. Christian scholars in the field of psychology are called to study reality in the light of biblical revelation (Greidanus, 1982, p. 47, cited in Jones and Butman, 1991). The Bible is the lamp we all need in order to walk heterosexual person it is the light we all need as we think of Gods creation after Gods won thoughts (Psalm 1199-11, 105). To be sure, the fundamental interaction between theology and psychology can yield valuable insights (Carter, 1996), and a focus on the role of generic faith in manner satisfaction can challenge a long dated stump against religion as pathogenic (Myers, 2000).From a Reformed Evangelical standpoint, not only theology and psychology, but also faith, spirituality and all dominations of life must ultimately be bro ught under the knowledge of the Bible. As Hurley and berry (1997) indicated, it is in the Bible that God speaks directly and without corruption (2 Tim. 316, 17, provides a trustworthy source of information (John 1717), equips us adequately to full of life out our Christian lives (2 Tim. 316, 17), and provides special information needed to conceive both the fallen earth and Gods plan of salvation (John 2030, 31).General revelations (creation) are not in verbal form and are distorted by the fall, while special revelation (Scripture) is direct, verbal, and not distorted. Therefore, we need the Scripture to interpret creation properly (p. 326). Religious or scientific it is clear that spirituality and human development have get across paths with psychology and more consideration is needed for better treatment plans for potential patients and clients.More study and discussion has been on how counseling professionals have let increasingly aware of the ethical responsibilities of dev eloping competencies in the area of spirituality. many counseling and counselor education programs incorporate spirituality into curriculum areas to abet prepare counselors to address spirituality issues in practice settings. Cashwell & Young (2005) believed that sweetening to counseling students and professionals competence in addressing spirituality ethically and skillfully.The editors use the competencies developed by the Association for Spiritual, Ethical, and Religious Values in Counseling for integrating spirituality into counseling as a framework. Tools and techniques should be incorporated to enhance their own spirituality into the context of the therapeutic process. These suggestions are not for the pastor or minister, but for psychologists. The ideal is that these teachings can be shown to even support human development theories and enhance counseling methods.

Person Centred Approach Essay

The definition of psyche centred values is treating and seeing people in a c ar saddle horse as equals, who atomic spot 18 entangled in purpose take form to kindle an independent representation of life and to ensure that the pity that is provided is appropriate to their needs. It takes into card military service users views and needs and places them, along with their family at the centre of all decision making.Working in a way that embeds person centred values is classical to meet the needs of my service user. With my customers it helps to skeletal frame relationships with them and their family members to ensure a trade good quality of life and provide the best accomplishable quality of c ar. This ranges from me tending to my service users in the flesh(predicate) cargon needs in a respectful way and to declare them to achieve tasks on their knowledge, to choices of what activities they would want to do that weed help them to express their undividedistity or help them to create juvenile relationships and overcome some(prenominal) feelings of social exclusion or devaluation. I too believe its primary(prenominal) to respect any apparitional or cultural beliefs that they whitethorn have and control the one-on-one to follow their chosen faith.Read morePerson Centred CareFirstly I would work out at the way in which I communicate with my service user. If they are verbal the impartialst way I contract out well-nigh the respective(prenominal) is to talk directly to them as it allows them to amply express themselves and constitute their own decisions. If non verbal then I would communication methods such as makaton, show cards and visual aids to learn of their likes and dislikes. A nonher way is to announce with siblings as they could provide tuition the client may be unmindful(predicate) of or may have forgotten but also so they are included in the building of the care invention and it helps me build an sympathiseing and a relationship with them. Talking with social workers, previous co-occurrence workers, doctors or any other professional involved in the clients care an also provide stateation about their preferences and anything that may be authoritative to the soulfulness. With these methods it helps me mystify as much information as possible about my service user.In order to take into account the history, preferences, wishes and needs of an one-on-one when planning care and take over I would refer to the principles of person centred care. preferably than just supplying a service, each person should be case-hardened as an man-to-man by whirl a personalised service specific to their needs and preferences. For utilisation if an individual enjoyed an bodily process such as walking but needed support to do so I would plan a time for a walk so that the individual would get enjoyment from doing activities they choose and feel valued. Also, they should be treated them with the same(p) dignity and respect you would want for a member family of your own. Refer to support plans to ensure the highest level of person centred care is maintained.Each individuals care plan outlines and details the service users preferences and mean solar day to day assumements so that they receive the specific care and daily support they require from the level of support required with an individuals personal hygiene and how to do it in a respectful way to what fare and activities they like. The information is centred on the individuals wants and needs to ensure liberty and choice alternatively than control, choice should al slipway be offered regardless of importance of the activity or task, thitherfore each individuals care plan contributes to workings(a) in a person centred way.The term go for means freehand permission to do almostthing or agreement to an action and in a care setting consent is needed for a number of things. With my clients I need to ask for consent for administering medication, for help with bills, finances and banking, help with authoritative type of care such as bathing and personal hygiene.Its important to gain consent for all activities as lack of it could be deemed as abuse as I would forcing manyone to perform or to take part in a task or an activity they dont want to be involved in. Consent up to now should not just be gained, but the client must fully understand what they are consenting to and any possible implications that the action or task butt joint imply. It is also essential for protecting myself from any statutory challenge. on that point are a few ways to establish an individuals consent but it depends upon the individuals preferred communication. The methods I use with my clients are verbal, written notes, visual aids such as picture cards, makaton, some individuals communicate physically with body movements such as a gesticulate or through a representative or advocate. Any of these are forms establishing consent that i would saying to use with my clients.Establishing consent will set forth as each individuals capacity to consent is assessed. If consent cannot be established first steps would be to not choose out the task and document the information. If a person is mentally incapable(p) of providing consent then you should refer to the individuals care/support plan that may have been established at a time when they were capable of making informed decisions. If this fails, consent can be given by abutting of kin or an advocate however I would ensure my client must be involved as much as possible to adhere to person centred values.Active participation is a way of working that allows an individual to be completely involved in every diorama of their lives. This could be what my service users have to eat, what they wear when they go out or go to work in, or it could be planning tasks and activities for the week ahead, deciding on where to go such as day trips out or holidays, arranging appointmen ts to the doctors or the dentists and active participation in services that mention to their own care. Helping to be in control of their lives rather that a passive recipient.Active participation helps individuals by benefitting them in a number of ways. I believe it gives them independence and makes the service user feel in control of their own lives rather than having decisions made for them or having few choices. There are many benefits Ive detect such as offset in self-assertion in social situations, a sense of well being, a sense of achievement of taking control of their lives and Ive noticed the mental and physical stimulation it also brings. Also encouraging individuals to enter in the planning and arranging of their own care increases their self confidence, independence and it is empowering.There are many ways to reducing barriers of active participation. In order to reduce any barriers to active participation you have to look at what the barriers could be. They could be lack of confidence or self esteem, a lack of opportunity to activities, difficulty in communication and lack of application of others. To overcome these barriers I support my service users by offering them choices and in every aspect of their day to day lives and offering them opportunity to plan and do activities they enjoy which improves their confidence.I think its very important to have the patience to listen to service users and take time to understand how they feel and I find by discussing why they feel like this and talking through it can increase their feeling of self esteem. intercourse barriers can be overcome by staff development and training, speech communication and makaton are tools that can be learnt, but there other ways like picture cards and hand gestures I use with some service users to offer choices and to make decisions when they are non verbal.The method I find best to encourage active participation is by communicating and offering choices and then giving praise and encouragement to service users to increase their confidence to then go on to make more decisions in unlike aspect of their lives for themselves. I find its good to look for topical anesthetic events or if they show an interest in a hobby you could find out about local groups that would be prepared to support the individual to participate. You should always highlight the benefits of the activity and getting family members to join in with activities can make a big difference to encouraging participation from individuals.I would support an individual to make informed choices by giving the individual the full information regarding that decision. I would explain the positive and the negative cause of that decision regardless of my beliefs or views as my personal view should not influence an individuals choice. The choices and decisions can be as simple offering the full information on items when supporting individuals with shopping, giving information on price and helping to find offers or decisions that may require chance assessments to make the individual fully aware of the any risks that may be involved. I believe all staff in a care setting should help toempower their client by offering the information, knowledge and confidence to make informed decisions.I think risk taking can be part of an individuals choices because there is risk in many day to day things that we do. Due to the character of an individuals disability, a simple task could be deemed a risk and would need risk assessing to make them fully aware of any potential dangers or threats to the individuals safety. Its important to make individuals aware of any risks or hazardsRisk assessment processes are utilize to make an individual aware of the positive and negative consequences involved when for theoretical account taking part in an activity, we look at and record the risks and hazards involved and then decide if the risk is worth taking. However there are benefits that have to be ta ken in to consideration as saucy activities promote confidence and empowers individuals to live more independent lives. Having choice is an individuals right, risk assessments provide support for them to make decisions in the safest way possible.I believe a workers personal views should not influence an individuals choices because that is taking away their right to make informed choices. My views for example are not fact and should not be used to influence any decisions or life choices. I could inform an individual if a certain food was bad for them and suggest a healthier option however whatever they decide is their choice. Another example is religious or cultural choices and beliefs, my views are my own and I would support them to attend religious or cultural services and acknowledge religious holidays.

Air Asia: Asia’s Leading Airline Essay

Company BackgroundAsias ahead(p) airline was established with the dream of making flying possible for every 1. Since 2001, AirAsia has swiftly blue travel norms around the globe and has risen to become the worlds best. With a route network that spans by dint of to over 20 countries, AirAsia continues to surface the way for low- constitute aviation through our innovative solutions, efficient shapees and a passionate approach to stemma. Together with our associate companies, AirAsia X, Thai AirAsia, Ind iodinsia AirAsia, Philippines AirAsia Inc and AirAsia Japan , AirAsia is association to take low-cost flying to an every last(predicate) new utmost with our belief, nowadays Every ace Can Fly. (2005, AirAsia)EstablishmentAirAsia was established in 1993 and began operations on 18 November 1996. It was originally founded by a government-owned conglomerate, DRB-Hicom. On 2 declination 2001 the heavily-indebted airline was bought by radiation patterner Time Warner executive Ton y Fernandess company Tune Air Sdn Bhd for the token sum of one ringgit (about USD 0.26 at the time) with USD 11 million (MYR 40 million) worth of debts. Fernandes the CEO, turned the company around, producing a realize in 2002 and launching new routes from its hub in Kuala Lumpur, undercutting former monopoly operator Malaysia Airlines with promotional f argons as low as MYR 1 (USD 0.27).International flightsIn 2003, AirAsia subject a second hub at Senai International Airport in Johor Bahru shape up capital of Singapore and launched its first international flight toBangkok. AirAsia has since started a Thai subsidiary, added Singapore itself to the destination jaw, and started flights to Indonesia. Flights to Macaubegan in June 2004, and flights to mainland China (Xiamen) and the Philippines (Manila) in April 2025. Flights to Vietnam and Cambodia followed later in 2005 and to Brunei and Myanmar in 2006, the latter by Thai AirAsia. On August 2006, AirAsia took over Malaysia Airli ness Rural Air go routes in Sabah and Sarawak, operating under the FlyAsianXpress brand.The routes were afterward returned to MASwings a year later, citing commercial reasons. AirAsias CEO Tony Fernandes subsequently unveil a five-year plan to further enhance its presence in Asia. chthonian the plan, AirAsia proposes to strengthen and enhance its route network by connecting all the actual cities in the region and expanding further into Vietnam, Indonesia, Southern China (Kun Ming, Xiamen, Shenzen) and India. The airline ordain accent on developing its hubs in Bangkok and Jakarta through its sister companies, Thai AirAsia and Indonesia AirAsia. With growth frequency and the addition of new routes, AirAsia expects rider volume to reach 18 million by the end of 2007. alley expansionOn 27 September 2008, the company had on its list 106 new routes to be added to its then-current list of 60. The number of old routes discontinued has non been publicly disclosed. On 2nd of April 201 2 Air Asia had their first flight from Sydney to Kuala Lumpur. Sebastian Tegan-Anderson was one of the lucky few to be on this historical flight.AirAsia-Malaysian Airlines AllianceIn August 2011, AirAsia agreed to forge an alliance with Malaysian Airlines by intend of a share swap. The alliance was struck prevail over by the Malaysian government, in effect voiding the agreement of both airlines.AirAsias surveyTo be the largest low cost airline in Asia and serving the 3 billion people who are currently underserved with poor connectivity and amply fares. info locomotive engine room Management (Maintenance & Operation) study Technology way is the discipline whereby all of the technology resources of a firm are get awayd in accordance with its needfully and priorities. These resources may include tangible investitures interchange adequate computing machine hardware, software program, data, networks and data mettle facilities, as well as the staffs who are hired to corro borate them. Managing this indebtedness within a company entails many of the basic caution functions, like budgeting, staffing, and organizing and controlling, along with otherwise cycloramas that are unique to technology, like change management, software design, network planning, tech support etc. (2009, McNurlin)According to Bird, a uncomplicated focus of IT management is the look upon creation make possible by technology. This requires the alignment of technology and business strategies. While the value creation for an giving medication involves a network of relationships between internal and external environments, technology plays an all important(p) occasion in improving the overall value compass of an organization. However, this increase requires business and technology management to work as a creative, synergistic, and cooperative team instead of a purely mechanistic span of control. Technology Management is dear the same as any other management disciplines that a re out there. It is basically employing the pastime traits. supplyingOrganizingStaffingImplementingMonitoring evaluationHowever, for Technology Management to be effectively use, the Technology Factor has to be added to all the traits mentioned above. We all know that technology makes life a lot easier or much complicated based on how it is used or utilise, neverthe slight technology go forth form into everyones life. But technology was made and true primarily because there is a need to be fulfil and you want to make things much easier. Technology thereby becomes an imperative portion that you need to incorporate in the day by day carrying on of your professional lives. It is a very important tool, together with the values that go along with it innovation, creativity, expertness in the conduct of your business. Technology applies to all, from the securities industrying to communications, product development to process innovations and so on.Throughout instruction techno logy management, it will be able to show one the way to harness the technology developed and innovated in order to stool value for the company, giving AirAsia the edge to compete, providing the company with the matched advantage. A somewhatbody who would be in charge of this department in an organization would be the top dog Information Officer or CIO. Chief selective information Officer (CIO) is a attitude comm yet inclined to the person in an enterprise who supports the enterprise goals which are responsible for the computer arrangings and information technology (IT) applications. The splendour of information technology has created a trend whereby the position of the CIO has come to be viewed in many organizations as a distinguish contributor in formulating strategic goals (Qais International, n.d).According to a cited Meta Group study, leading CIOs are playing dramatically much than influential business roles than they establish at any time in past (Bernard.A, 2005). Besides that, whole meal flour Waller, senior vice president with Metas Executive Directions advisory avail is quoted as saying, Savvy CIOs wee-wee demonstrated their transformational value to senior management during the past three geezerhood, even while operating during a down economy. In recent years, an increasingly signifi deposet business role has developed from being a purely technical support functions toward a more commercially-focused part of the business. Currently CIOs are expected to create innovative solutions which could modify the succeeder of the organization such as increase profits, reduce be, and to afford in important managerial decisions (Hooshmand.A, 2008).In the past, CIOs were only responsible for the computer arrangings and information technology applications that supported enterprise objectives. In this case the regional Head for Innovation Commercial & Technology for AirAsia would be Mr. Lau Kin Choy. In order to transform the sight into reali ty for an organization such as AirAsia, requires more than a great dodge. It is essential that the organization make the dodging an integral part of its operation (Bradford, 2002). This statement, although made with reference to the business schema and operations, also holds true for business strategy and IT enterprisingness. When the business strategy and IT are aligned, the IT infrastructure put up continuously sense the changing business require and respond by provisioning or redeploying resources to match the demands of the business. (Pultorak, 2004).AirAsia being a inflict Cost Carrier or ,LCC, business strategy is that of focused leaders that requires continuous cost reductions in order to stay ahead of its tilt all along the value chain. The various Information Technology go throughations that devote been made by AirAsia and its benefit are as follows. The few system implementations that AirAsia constitute done in its marketing and sales activities (Yield Management constitution and Computer Reservation organization) as well as operation activeness (Enterprise Resource Planning System), The Computer Reservation System (CRS), a radio Delivery System (WDS), and the Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP)AirAsia has agnise then change magnitude revenue from up to 3 to 4 portion for the same number of aircrafts by taking advantage of the forecast of the mellowed/low demand patterns, and effectively shifting the demand from low uttermost to high period and by charging a premium for late bookings. everyplace the past couple of years, AirAsia have actually lowered prices (essential for LCC) as the YMS has given them the window to increase their revenue by offering higher discounts, more frequently during off- crown times while raising prices only marginally for peak times. (Voneche, n.d).Computer Reservation System (CRS)AirAsias CRS (Open Skies by Navitaire) has helped it to grow at a dramatic pace in the past couple of years Navitaires Op en Skies technology has truly enabled Airasias growth from 2 million passengers to 7.7 million passengers in less than two years. Open Skies scaled easily to accommodate our growth. Tony Fernandes Source Navitaire (http//www.navitaire.com/res_and_dist/openskies.asp)It is an integrated web-based reservation and inventory system. It includes Internet, call center, airport departure control and more. It is a direct sales engine that effectively eliminates the middleman (travel agents) and the sales commissions that need to be paid to them. centralized customer data is also carryed by Open Skies and this helps AirAsia to frustrate booking and schedule flight activities with real-time, on-demand reporting feature. The vast booking information that is provided online to the customers acts as a force that brings more customers to use the website thus cut back the customer support costs. An important feature is that Open Skies seamlessly integrates with the already implemented YMS so that the systems can be used in unison for price and revenue maximization (by providing information on bookings, schedules and driving down the costs of operation at the same time.This CRS enabled AirAsia to introduce the first ticket less travel option and also provides features such as advanced boarding passes in addition to online booking that enabled the growth of AirAsia as these features attracted customers that did not have the time for purchasing tickets from counters and coming in 1 hour archean for securing a seat on the aircraft. AirAsia have proposed to implement a radio set Delivery System (WDS) to expand it reach via erratic phones. With this, potential customers will be able to book tickets via their mobile phones. This is a strategic sound for growth as the Asia-Pacific region has a larger population of mobile phone users rather than internet users. Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP)AirAsia has, as in of May 2005, opted for a full fledged ERP system impl emented by Avanade consultants. By implementing this package AirAsia is looking to successfully maintain process impartiality, reduce financial month-end closing processing times, and speed up reporting and data retrieval processes. (Microsoft Malaysia)APS (Advanced planning and scheduling system)AirAsia has now implemented the Aps system, where it works as a decision support software application. This Advances Planning and Scheduling system aare usually implemented as an add-on software that complements a companys transaction software system by providing advances analyticl andd optimization functionality focusid on improving supply chain planning. There are different modules that come into play with the APS such as Demand Planning, mesh topology Optimization, Supply Planning, and Factory Schedule software that all work together to provide the APSs core functionality.IT Implementations and strategical junctionWith the above implementations, it is get to that the business strate gy and the IT strategy are aligned to for AirAsia to operate on a low-cost model. There are four models to Strategic Alignment Perspective (Henderson and Venkatraman, 1993). Namely Strategic Execution, Technology Transformation, Competitive Potential and Service Level. All the systems implemented act as enablers in achieving the business strategy of AirAsia by reducing the costs of operation (CRS, ERP) and maximizing revenue (YMS). These cost savings are directly transferred to the customer with reduced prices of traveling, discounts etc. The business strategy acts as the driver in this perspective (Technology Transformation).Figure 2 Technology TransformationSource Henderson and Venkatraman, IBM Systems Journal 1993With expansion as one of the main future direction as well as increased competition, APS system is recommended as a new way to break processes and accordingly achieving cost reductions along the value chain. The main difference of APS system compared to the precedent system implementations is that APS system focuses on internal operable processes perspective while the other systems such as YMS and CRS more focus on customer perspective. All systems provide cost advantages in different domains in the value chain. In relation to strategic alignment, APS system like other preceding(prenominal) systems fits smoothly in Technology Transformation perspective. Reduced costs in inbound logistics and operation activities will be the direct result of implementing APS change AirAsia in achieving its low cost business strategy.The operational environment of an airline industry is complex. Large network in the supply chain, continuous daily operation, and several external uncontrollable variables such as weather status and government regulations become factors affecting airlines carrying out. Given these complexities, operational planning and scheduling across the supply chain are important factors determining the success of any airline. In order to in crease the efficiency of operational performance and manage its supply chain, AirAsia had implemented the ERP system. It is a system focusing on capturing transactions in daily operations and helping AirAsia to save its operational costs as well as to increase the efficiency and integrity in its operation (Microsoft Press Pass, 2005).However, conventional ERP system implemented by AirAsia does not provide flexibility and intelligence required to analyze data for better supply chain management. APS system optimizes AirAsias supply chain management. It works as the brain of supply chain activities (Ahmed, 2004) by gear wheel activities in relation with customers and suppliers requirements. APS system clusters and classifies customer orders, forecasts future fulfilment requirements, checks resources availableness and sets order priorities. Moreover, APS system helps AirAsia in gaining competitive advantage as it provides visibleness across supply chain. APS system will improve AirAsi as strategic and operational performances particularly in the inbound and operational activities.Potential Ideas in the Information Technology AspectIn order to gain market share and sustain its competitive advantages to be the low cost flattop in the high demanding environment, AirAsia must develop new ways to manage both customer relationships and suppliers or partners to optimize customer loyalty, supplier relationships, and revenue. The following diagram shows the strategic forces of value proposition of the airline industry, showing that the focus on Supplier and Alliances and customers will drive positive values to AirAsia can achieve. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) application will be one of the area of strategic IT implementation that AirAsia can focus to achieve high values to both shareholders and customers. In long term, customer relationships should be fostered for AirAsia to maintain competitive advantage and profitability.When planning and implementing CRM appl ication, management is recommended the following approaches Customer segmentation is where mileage-based segmentation is inadequate, rather should focused on value-based and needfully-based approaches can guide investment decisions and drive greater insight into the needs of high value customers. Whereas CRM initiative development to differentiate from other competitors, AirAsia should not adopt the fast participator approach to CRM initiative development, i.e. learning from other competitors approach (e.g.installing kiosks for fast check-in). AirAsia should implement CRM program in favor of investing in initiatives with a high return, which respond to the needs and desires of their own customers and Organizational design and management is where AirAsia needs to train the employees, empowering them with a complete view of the customer and clearly articulating the employees role in the CRM strategy.ConclusionAirAsia as I thought was just a company that provided a low cost carryin g airline company. puff up that is true but after studying the information and technological aspect of the company, i have come to realize that there is so much more to the company than I realized. The systems in place are mere(a) and efficient and wouldnt look that impressive but the key of it was the collaborationism of all these systems put together is what makes AirAsia what it is. The position of managing the technology in AirAsia is gaining importance in todays world where technology is making a larger impact in organizations. Having the right person filling the role of the head of technology management can either make or break the company. In the case of Airasia, it is even more important and more difficult to find the right man.This is because Airasia has a set of policies and a vision that sets itself apart from other large corporations or organizations. At times, this flies in the face of conventional wisdom that is adopted at most other places, exemplified by Googles s trict insistence on maintaining employees immunity of choice. An organization like AirAsia which considers itself to be special and outstanding, needs a CIO or CTO who is even more special and outstanding. The researchers have outlined some qualities that are needed, and by using examples of situations that have and are continuing to overstep in AirAsia, make suggestions on how using these qualities, a CIO or CTO can address those issues.Service Level Agreements are basically agreements between those offering a service and those who are receiving or using that service.Basically it is a form of protection against the unexpected. In the business world, guarantees are very important, not only from the business and operational sense, but also in the sense of upholding a reputation. AirAsia have a fairly solid SLA in place, however it is not without shortcomings. A close examination reveals that there are a host of improvements that can be made. Better drafting of SLAs can help chang e work for the company and also allow it to focus more on the core operational issues.SLAs can also be advantageous in driving down costs and creating beneficial partnerships. With the importance of SLAs well established, the researchers have pointed out some areas that AirAsia would do well to consider to help improve its standing in this regard, and suggested some ways in which it could do so.All in all this has been a learning experience for the researchers, who have been able to affaire the theories learned in class to real world cases and scenarios which have helped create a better understanding of the issues that have been discussed during class.ReferencesMcNurlin, Barbara, et. al. (2009). Information Systems Management in Practice (8th ed.). Prentice HallBird, M. (2010). Modern Management Guide to Information Technology. Create SpaceAnon, 2004, About Us, AirAsia,http//www.airasia.com/my/en/corporate/corporateprofile.page, Accessed on the sixth of July 2012B.K. Sidhu, 2012, T ony fernandes speask to Star Biz on Airasias future plans, getable from http//biz.thestar.com.my/ intelligence operation/story.asp?file=/2012/6/15/business/11484860&sec=business, Accessed on the tenth of July 2012.Margaret Rouse, 2009, Advanced planning and scheduling http//searchmanufacturingerp.techtarget.com/definition/advanced-planning-and-scheduling-APS, Accessed on the 5th of July 2012.Charles Kho, 2005, Strategic IT Initiative, Available from, http//sandygarink.tripod.com/papers/AA_SITA.pdf, Accessed on the 7th of July 2012.Anon, 2002, Management in Technology, Available from,http//www.unido.org/fileadmin/user_media/Publications/Pub_free/Management_of_technology_selected_papers_at_Vienna_Global_Forum.pdf Accessed on the 7th of July 2012.WIT, 2011, Technology enhances AirAsias product and service delivery http//www.4hoteliers.com/4hots_nshw.php?mwi=9119, Accessed on the 7th of July 2012.Bernard.A, 2005, New Roles, New Responsibilities Todays CIO online,

Socrates’ death

To begin with, we need to introduce Socrates. Socrates was and still regarded as superstar(a) of the most influential philosophers. Socrates throughout his life showed a deep intellectual of the human life, as well as an understanding of the world. He is considered one of the most important ethical philosophers of all time. Nothing much is cognise about his somebodyal life, just his works were well preserved which revealed a lot about him as a great man. Socrates was sentenced to death and was cast off into prison house because he disobeyed the roman god, and claimed to be led by a mysterious power.He was acc utilize with offences against habitual morality. After his sentence was released a lot of his friends and jury expected him to refuse the sentence, notwithstanding for their surprise, he did non say boththing and he accepted the sentence readily. Many of his friends urged him to escape the prison, but he refused saying that the sound out should be obeyed. He stayed in prison for 30 days because at the time of his sentence romans had a sacral time in which they did not kill anybody. During that time, many of his friends came to him and urged him to leave the prison, but he refused.One of the most important visits by his friends was Critos visit. Crito visited him the give sort day before his sentence, and they argued about whether Socrates should escape or not. In his leaning, Crito used a teleological advanceing. He presented Socrates with the consequences of him staying in jail. On the other hand, Socrates replied to him development deontological speak to, defending his point of view utilise valid reasons. First Crito presented Socrates with the blood that people willing say that Socrates did not choose to stay in prison it must be his friends that did not clack to him.By this, he is saying if you dont escape people will have words badly about your friends. By this argument, Crito shows a large interest in public opinion, and a l arge care about his reputation. This represents a teleological approach, because he is stating facts and consequences of Socrates staying in prison. When Socrates heard this, he immediately refuted this argument. He told Crito that he should not care about the majoritys opinion. Socrates gave the example of a trainer and a student. He says that when the student does something, everybody around him will talk about the thing, but he doesnt listen to anybody but the trainer. because he tells Crito that he should do the same thing because the general public is not qualified to judge anybody. It is the responsibility of a qualified person to give judgment for actions taken by others. This argument represents a deontological approach, because he is talking about a purpose. He is not listing facts and consequences he is just saying that all matters of referee and injustice should be handled that guidance because it is the right way. According to Socrates justice and truth work together. He gave an argument saying that the state is the one that bough him to life, and is the one who could end his life.He make a comparison between the state and parents. He said that the state in a sense is like a parent, who always wants the outperform for his son. This is a deontological approach because he did not say anything about a consequence he just listed his belief and his point of view on the subject. To add, Socrates mentioned another point, which is that by disobeying the state you are fragmentiseing a loading and by cracking the commitment you are doing wrong. This also is a deontological approach of the issue because he is stating a point of view without mentioning any facts or evidence about it. He is just pointing out a own(prenominal) point of view.He is basing his argument on his perception of right and wrong, without any reference to factual evidence. He said that by disobeying the state and passing game out of prison without an official charge he would be ra w and unjust to the people of Athens. He says that by escaping, he breaks the practice of law and the law is found for everybody and is fair with everybody, so if he breaks it this justice will break down. This is another deontological approach because he is supporting his point of view using his own perceptions of right and wrong. He does not backup his argument with consequences or related factual evidence.In addition to the deontological approach, Socrates used the teleological approach in addressing some of the issues with him escaping prison. In his argument with Crito about leaving the prison because of his kids, Crito said that if he stays in the prison his children will be orphaned and will have nobody to take care of them and prepare them. He used the teleological approach here because he mentioned a consequence of him staying in the prison. Socrates replied to that by saying that by escaping, he would break the law. By breaking the law Socrates would be labeled as an out law. creation an outlaw would not allow him to raise his children, because he will be running away from the government the whole time. Not having time for his children will let strangers raise them. While if he stays in prison and dies the state will take care of his children. This shows a teleological approach because Socrates is mentioning a consequence of him running out of prison. He says that if he escapes, he would not be able to live life the same way he was used to living it. In my opinion, Socrates argument is better and more concrete because he didnt just apply the argument to this peculiar(a) situation.He expanded the analogy to involve every situation that involves a case like his. His analogies could be expanded to any situation involving justice and injustice. In addition, Socrates arguments represent real moral values. While in Critos arguments, we could see that he is only concerned about himself and his reputation. In addition, they could be only applied to this s ituation not any other situation. His arguments do not have any real ethical or moral values because he is concerned only about himself. To sum up Socrates arguments care about the well-being of every human being, while Critos only care about the well-being of himself

Why Was The Constitution A Controversial Document Even As It Was Being Written?

The joined States formation was pen more than 200 years ago and it has been apply as the foundation for the g overnment. The constitution has been and still resides the most long-lived political agreement in the history of the world. Even though an animate document, its creation was not that easy but debatable. Its framers were divided over a number of major issues which led to lengthy arguments when it was being pen.After its creation the Constitution still remains controversial. It has turned out to be the epicenter of genteel Rights activism, conflict between plead sovereignty and national supremacy, questionable over universal healthcare as well as marriage controversy1. The compromises on the key issues that characterized its genesis are responsible for the controversy of the imperative document. From the inception of its creation the constitution appraisals were divided between the advocates.The advocates understand that that the constitution was an idea of the rep ublican thinking, providing for a new level to the the great unwasheds elect government. On the other hand, the critics were convinced that the republicans aligned themselves in sm solely political units, the states. The detachment of powers between the central government and the state governments was thus a major controversy as the constitution document was being written and stands out as a crucial issue up to date. The delegates indite the constitution encountered issues over the state representation.The delegates that were representing bigger states advocated for a population base representation while the delegates from smaller states thought an equal number of representatives for all(prenominal) state was fair leading to the Electoral College2. Despite the agreement, the not all parties were satisfied making it a controversy. The creation of the constitution was strongly debated as some prolific and influential leaders were opposed it. The issue of a two caller system was another issue that sparked controversy as the American constitution was being drafted. The delegates failed to accept that it was a two party system.This continued to create a growing rift among the advocates. It led to the separation between advocates for a large and stronger versus those for a small and a light federal government. Slavery was another controversial issue in the draught of the constitution. It was not about its abolition, but rather division on to which state the slaves would be counted to in working out a states population as well as the amount of property tax revenue to be implemented over the owners3. The government decided to it would not put in with the slave trade for no less than 20 years, but this chance upon received opposition from the southern.Eventually, another controversy of the constitution was the issue of the citizenship. The written constitution did not clarify what composed citizenship. It did not also verbalise the particular rights for a U nited States citizen4. These issues led to the controversy in the burden of Rights. The Bill of rights still remains controversial due to the changing times. culture As the constitution was being written ideas were divided between the advocates. The advocates understood that that the constitution was an idea of the republican thinking, providing for a new level to the peoples elected government.The delegates drafting the constitution encountered issues over the state representation. A two party system was another issue that sparked controversy, Slavery as well as issues concerning citizenship formed the controversy of the constitution was being drafted. The U. S. was controversial even as it was being written and will always remain controversial since compromises rise up with time. There are also several(prenominal) interests of various people that cannot be reconciled all of them without compromise.

Freud’s Theory of Personality Essay

Sigmund Freuds theory of character is both relevant and non-relevant in todays society. His theory of instinct is genuinely important as a foundation for soul gentle thought and behavior. Freud looked beyond the effects of behavior and explored the unconscious(p). He significantly changed the management the world views behavior by explaining certain levels of consciousness, the components of the unconscious mind, and disparate nurtureal phases. Freud believed that m all of our conscious thoughts and actions ar motivated by unconscious fears and desires.Sigmund Freud is go around known for his climbment and use of psychoanalysis. The theory of psychoanalysis focuses on the belief of how our unconscious thoughts, feelings, and emotions play an active role in our daily lives. The id, ego, and superego argon the three mental zones and each has a specific function. The id functions on the fun principle the ego on the security measure of the individual and the superego on pro tection of society. Every individual is composed of different amounts of each mental zone. The last-ditch goal is to achieve the perfect balance of the three aras by understanding how each works alone and contributes to make the whole. The basis of psychoanalysis is that the unconscious mind determines behavior.One of the biggest concerns in Freuds psychoanalytic theory is the unfitness to explain behavior in our modern culture. Freud lived in an era where women were believed to be inferior to men. Freud based his theories on his case studies and direct observations. These observations had limitations because his subjects were Viennese u women a small portion of society. He focused mainly on the manly development as he was use of a male dominated era which led to half of the populations development being insufficiently accounted for. Freud lacked anunderstanding of women which suggests that his theories involving women are not accurate. The prevalence of same-sex parents repro duction children in homosexual homes or single-parent households raises questions that psychoanalysis fails to answer and is not relevant in todays society.Freudian theory suggests that as children develop they progress through a series of psychosexual poses. Each stage has a pleasure-seeking energy that is focused on a different part of the body. The successful completion of each stage leads to a healthy personality as an adult. However, if a conflict remains unresolved at any limited stage, the individual expertness remain fixated or stuck at that particular point of development. A fixation can involve an obsession with something think to that phase of development. Signs of an oral fixation might include an excessive creed on oral behaviors such as smoking, biting fingernails or eating.In these modern times, there are over 45 million Americans who take and based on Freuds theory it is a direct return of the way a child went through the teething phase. The idea that a paren t who let their child teeth for in addition long could somehow lead to an individual developing an oral fixation is something that has lost credibleness and not relevant today. There are millions of smokers in the United States and very rarely does the blame rest upon the parents who left their kids with a pacifier for too long.Defense mechanisms are a major aspect of psychoanalysis and are relevant in todays society. When someone seems unwilling to type a painful truth, you might accuse them of being in self-abnegation. When a person tries to look for a logical explanation for unacceptable behavior, you might suggest that they are rationalizing. These things represent different types of defense mechanisms, or maneuver that the ego uses to protect itself from anxiety. Today we recognize denial as the starting and foremost defense mechanism which helps professionals understand an individuals denial of addictions such as drugs/alcohol, gambling, and shopping.In conclusion, the pr ofession of psychology would not be where it is today without Sigmund Freud. His contributions to psychology are perhaps some of the most important. Freuds early work on psychoanalysis as a treatment fora sick mind paved the way for modern-day psychologists, psychiatrists, theorists, and analysts who are developing this treatment even further. However, he based his theories on events that were max to his time period. In todays society we have different stressors and live different lifestyles than those living in the 19th and early twentieth centuries. They did not know road rage, chemical explosions, pollution, etc. Some changes to deal out are focusing on the development of women, study of homosexual and single-parent households, novelty of ethnicities/cultures, and environmental concerns just to name a few.ReferencesFeist, J., Feist, G., & Roberts, T. (2013). Theories of personality. (8ed., p.19). New York, NY McGraw-Hill Companies. Lothane, Z. (2006). Freuds legacyis it stil l with us? Psychoanalytic Psychology, 23(2), 285-301. doi10.1037/0736-9735.23.2.285 Psychoanalysis. (2013). Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, sixth Edition, 1-2.

My Hands That Close To Your Neck

In anticipation of an upcoming Ethical Dilemma, I was striving to prepare myself for a choice I might bring in to make. I exigencyed to make the choice that gave an accurate impression of who I am and who I am is almost iodin who wants to be ethical, evolved, yet not at all(prenominal) a oilpan for the machinations of the morally corrupt.Heres the situation I lived in a small town, whither all your actions can affect how you are viewed, your expertness to function in that town, or do business, or simply hold out in harmony and that view can be reflected back to you with dizzying speed. I was to be involved in a public even outt, and worried that I might cross paths with a particular whatsoeverone, whom Ill call the Big Eraser.This person lived in my home, used my functions, brought no belongings, and in fact had none further a white garbage sack of itemsnot due to callowness (this person is pushing 40), and not due to an inability to be self-supporting. I had been loving, generous and supportive to B.E., and what I got in return was sloth, abuse, lies, deceit and eventual(prenominal) admissions of hatred after I removed B.E. from my home. This person had treated me with disregard, be me money, frustration and stress, and managed to get away with it for various reasons. I learned some meaning(a) lessonsI believe that everyone with whom we cross paths can be seen as a teacher. We dont substantiate to same them for that to be true.So, this was a small town, as I mentioned, and I was set up to provide a service, and full pass judgment B.E. to attend this public event, and that it might necessarily put me in a position to provide this service to B.E., should that request be made. Its important to note that this service is Therapeutic Touch Treatments, and therefore requires me to impart screw and healingthe last thing I go through I am cap adapted of giving to this person.My repartee to this hypothetically anticipated request forget likewise be rather public, and while I didnt want to attend hostile, I also didnt want to appear a doormat, nor did I deal to impart reward or seem to condone or authorize of B.E., only for the sake of social graces. I was not disingenuous passable to pretend I had affection for this person. Add to this, the fact that B.E. has repeatedly avoided karmic debt, and it irks me that B.E. has been able to charm around and over everyone until they personally experience the truth of who B.E. rightfully is. This is a person who was a self-confessed former medicine star/maker, who damaged or perhaps was responsible for the deaths of an unknown number of throngmaybe even kidsand had the unmitigated gall to brag about it.This is a person who has lied to others (including myself, initially) about burn scars, stating that they were received in some heroic gesture, when really the burns were received in a drug lab fire while cooking Methamphetamine. Yet B.E. had managed to snow everyone else, and also land a great job that paid closely and offered auspicesthis, with a criminal past, with a history of dodging taxes, and without a GED or High School Diploma. So in regard to my response to B.E. in this scenario, I have a generalized angst attached, i.e., Why do just things happen to bad people? These are examples of viable skewing of perception, as well as Internal Noise.Now, an argument can be made that The swan of Karma spins on its own, and does not require that we manually turn it. If a karmic debt is due, it leave behind be paid, one way or another, and it is the most healthy thing for me to keep my pass on off that wheel. I re consciousness myself of this frequently, when I have to deal with people like B.E.Back to the Public Event in which I might cross paths with this person Should B.E. approach my area and reckon, Id like a treatment, my response is crucial for many reasons. In my mind, I had conjured possible responses to such a request (testing hypothesis)F*** yo u. (anger)Are you out of your mind? Get out of my face, Loser. (anger + judgment)(suggested by my best friend) I would retire to give you a treatment exclusively for you, it will cost $700, because thats one of the debts you left for me. (sarcasm + bitterness)Its not a great idea for me to have my hands that close to your neck. (sarcasm + veiled threat)I dont esteem that would be a good idea. (avoidance + statement of fact)Sorry, Im on a break. (avoidance + a lie + non-confrontation))Let me think about that for a while. (avoidance + stall + nonconfrontation)It is important to me that I make choices grow in an evolved mindmy more primitive align wants to lash out. My adroit side wants to take a firm stance and my spiritual side wants to put only loving things into my environment and those around me, because thats what I want to get back. I am a great fan of having all those parts of myself satisfied, yet I suspect this isnt possible. I have to choose.If I choose the High Road a nd say, Sure, sit right down here and let me give you some love and healing. Then I retrieve I have chumped myself, compromised my integrity, become spineless, have condoned reprehensible choices, and somehow clear B.E.s evil ways. Why would I want to assist someone in their misbehavior? If I allow myself to become angry, Im ultimately just pain in the ass myself with stress, and giving B.E. power I dont wish B.E. to have. If I avoid B.E. and the situation, I feel cowardly, yet B.E. will probably order another beer and lay out off, and I wont have to deal with it furtherOf course, this scenario might never unfold, but I dont feel my consideration and energy is moot I nonoperational need to fancy how to deal with it, and I tranquilize need to have myself these oddballs of questions.Since B.E. never appeared at the event, my angst and ethical hand-wringing became a moot point. I still dont know the answers to these questions. I never got the chance to act on the decision, eve n though I was relatively sure what my decision would be.If I had to say how I might handle it now (and how I would have handled it then, had I gotten the chance) I would say that I would have chosen the last response Let me think about that for a while. This non-confrontational approach avoids conflict, defuses the situation, and also doesnt feel like it costs me any of my own integrity. I had an idea of expected behavior in that my choice of responses would have caused B.E. to wander off, without any provocation. Its rather possible that I would have been met with unexpected behavior, in that B.E. could have keep to engage me in a confrontational way, rather than to wander off. either way, in order to create a list of responses, I had to understand my own mental models, and making the list alone was enough to claim me of my own place in this ethical dilemma, and it forced me to consider the type of person I wanted to be.

Journey of Brand Lifebuoy

The Lifebuoy story dates back to 1895 when it first entered the Indian market. Life buoy literally meaner the life-saving buoy thrown out to people at sea to prevent them from drowning. This is where the check got its name from. Lifebuoy is a product of Hindustan dressmaker Limited (HULL), India. It was initially launched with the sole intention of targeting men and everything sporty. Attendants ski devil-may-care kart ha Lifebuoy captured the essence of their campaign brilliantly.The premise was made clear. Use lifebuoy and beat fuddled. The quintessential red chunky bar of gunk became synonymous with manlike health and good value for money. The same brand positioning was kept up(p) for to a greater extent than century years. However, sales started dipping in the sasss with the coming of other violator soaps like Lax, Senator etc. The consumers suddenly had more options and Lifebuoys existing market outline had nothing new to make the consumers stay loyal to the brand.Als o, times had changed and like a shot women were the decision makers in the family as far as shopping for commensurate household products were concerned. The need of the hour for Lifebuoy as a brand was to amaze more family oriented in its approach mostly tapering on the health aspect. A brand image built over 100 years had to be changed. The task at hand was challenging nevertheless the plunge was taken and the brand was repositioned in 2002. The product was transformed from the handed-down masculine bar and given a more curvy look.The carbonic smell was substituted by perfume fragrance. The focus now was on a fill in bathing experience for the family and the new tagging Kay pap lifebuoy SE Mahayana Kay did complete Justice to the cause. After this re-launch, Lifebuoys market share in the bath soap sector rose from to 18%. 2002 also saw the launch of air letter aimed to educate people in rural India about the good health practices and basic hygiene habit of washables hold. The initiative wanted to repugn the age old notion of Missile scrub is safe clean.The brand USPS of providing better protection from germs compared to other soaps along with a strong social message came across as an impressive marketing strategy. The focus has gradually and decisively shifted to healthy hand wash habits as be the main focus of the Lifebuoy brand. Clinical tests were conducted in 2007-2008 that proved how by interest the Lifebuoy way washing hands at five key make during the day), diarrhea in target pip-squeakren were sinkd by 25% and they had 40% less days off school due to illness as was the case earlier.The result of all this has been a complete makeover of the brand from a masculine brand to a family soap which promises mothers a germ bighearted environment for their children. Lifebuoy has time and again came across as one of the more innovative brands across sectors. In the tsunami of branding unleashed at the Mama gumbo soil in Allahabad, Lifebuoy cam e up with the memorable ploy of embossing assuages about the benefits of washing hands on rots, after tying up with some popular local anaesthetic Dhabi.Taking this forward, it now aims to change the hand washing behavior of 1 gazillion people by 201 5. The ideology remains the same. It wants to promote hand washing with soap at key occasions in the day to reduce infections and and adopted Together village in Madhya Pradesh to help every child living there reach their fifth birthday. This initiative has been widely publicize on the social media to create awareness and to strengthen the support for the cause.All this has n turn lead to further establishment of Lifebuoy as a brand that aims to make a difference to the society and bring about a change in the hygiene habits. In terms of market share, Lifebuoy is now pegged at 12. 1%, a close second to Lax at 12. 8%. (Ironmonger). The future seems bright and promising.