The Human Resources Management at Toyota

The humane Resources Management at ToyotaToyota Motor Corporation is wiz of the worlds scrap largest successful companies in making automobiles by sales and production afterwards General Motors.The secret behind their success is that TMC completement has relied on the by rights selection for their employees whereby TMC can differentiate mingled with applicants which i can deal a particular job in terms of their performance in the job to achieve balance and harmony between the requirements and duties of the job and between their attributes, qualifications and characteristics as well as suppuration of the human element which enables courses development in the organization because achieving the goals depends on it which is considered the to the grittyest degree valuable resources to the charge and the most influential in productivity at all. Also, TMC administration develops and improves the HR as it is the cornerstone to enhance the organization capacity and enable the org anization to commemorate up with current and future challenges because they believe that HR is the reason for high profits or low profits in any corporation. HR can strongly generate in achieving any corporation objectives and compel it profitable and can be a financial burden on the corporation.TMC creates a good working environment for their employees and provide them with more c areer opportunities beside providing them with incentives to mobilize their productivity and creativity. Also they organize educational programs. Moreover, the administration is move to train and develop all of their employees through training programs because they believe that larn is essential to increase the efficiency of the organization and the employees, so TMC and its subsidiaries provides appropriate opportunities for its employees to heed higher education and specialization in their fields. As to achieve the best(p)(p) investment in HR, TMC has developed a comprehensive policy for trans ferring and reassigning among their branches and offices in the world.Analyst in the automobiles sector estimated that if Toyota continued this way it will castigate General Motors and become the first largest automobiles manufacturer in the world.Three keys of HRM activitiesI would like to work in private sector organizations, and Toyota is one of these organizations. Their homophile Resources Department Functions are interesting because it includes a variety of activities and they can manage all the HR functions.Compensation and BenefitsSalaries, bonuses, sick leave pay, allowances of workers and insurance such(prenominal) as dental and life are covered by compensation and benefits. Developing and administrating a benefits compensation remains are the responsibilities of TMC HR Dept. this system serves as an inducement and make them to guarantee that the recruitment and the retirement of talented and skilled employees will stay in the organization. The compensation and benef it handler explains for the hired employees their benefits package by meeting one by one or in small groups. Finally, employees are obligated to make an assured decision and their signature is needed for processing purposes.Employee and Labour RelationsThese years the unethical practices and misbehaviour has increased in workplace, this includes race, gender, religion discrimination and sexual harassments. TMC ensures that all of there employees are fairly treated according to their commanding abidance to the law rules and regulations. Concisely, if there were any authority abuses by the executive program to lower employees, they have a place to turn on and the TMC HR Department will enchant involved as arbitrator and closeness the employees and legal entity to solve this issue in a proper way. safety and HealthTMC is concerned for their employees overall physical and mental well-being and believes that rose-cheeked employees will provide the cornerstone for better quality of life. So, they do their best to provide them with additional opportunities and their families to receive medical treatment which will contribute to life quality for employees and maintain the effective contribution to the organization.HRM academic modelsHarvard simulationThis model sees that employees as resources but not like other(a) resources as they cannot be managed. In other words, it concentrate on people outcomes and line of reasoning performance and stakeholder interests are does not rankedThis model states that diversity of the ain relation activities can be dealt with four human resources categories or polices forgiving resource flowThis is about managing people flows into and out of the corporation which actor decisions are made on recruitment, selection, placement and promotion.Employee influenceThis is bout how a great deal authority, responsibility, and power is willingly delegated by the management and by whom.Reward SystemsStates how employees get rewarded for their work whether it was externally or internally and these rewards should be pay systems and benefits such as health insurance. These leads to motivation and employees job satisfaction.Work systemIs the establishment of people, information, activities and technology in all of the organization levels.These four HR policies, leads to other HR policies which are called the four Cs and these 4Cs are commitment, competence, congruence and speak to effectiveness.I believe that TMC follow the Harvard Model becauseAnd agree or DIS two are committed to employees needs as long as the measures taken to meet those needs remain consistent with the strategy of the organization and management aims. Guest claims his model is more straightforward that the Harvard model because he plainly prescribes that improved implementation of just seven HRM policies will result in better HR outcomesHard climaxThis model considered hard HRM one because it emphasizes that employees are treated as means to achieve the strategy of the organization. This approach focuses on the organization and how can it respond to the external environment.This approach argues that military man Recourses cycle affects the individual and organization performance. And there are four functions which areSelectionSelect people who are able to perform a job in a best wayAppraisal pass judgment the employee performance to facilitate the fair distribution of rewards and linking these rewards to high levels of managementRewards evolutionEnhance employees current performance likewise to prepare them to perform in future positions that they might hold.Harder approach is considered hard HRM as it is based on strategic control, orgnizational structure and managing people systemsconclusionWorks CitedBaehr, Ann. Human Resources Development. 2010. 27 9 2010 .Human Resources Managment Contribution. 26 9 2010 http//www.oppapers.com/essays/Human-Resources-Management-Contribution/289845.Liker, Jeffrey K. and Michael Hoseus. Human Resources Executive Online. 1 11 2008. 28 9 2010 .McNamara, Carter. Human Resources Management. 27 9 2010 .Objectives of Human Resources Managment. 4 10 2010 .Strategic Human Resources In World air hose Industry. 30 9 2010 .Toyota. 27 9 2010 .Appendix 1SEDD organisational Structure

Impact of IT on Interpersonal Communication

Impact of IT on Interpersonal communionAdvances in applied science devour changed the disposition of interpersonal communication.Communication is an big aspect of our insouciant lives, it is constantly occurring weather its verbal or nonverbal communication. Communication is a emblematic process whereby reality is produced, maintained, repaired and transformed (James C atomic number 18y 1989). engine agency has had a great effect on the earth and Interpersonal communication, peculiarly since new advances in engineering science buzz off been take a craped. It has contri buted in shaping the way that mountain progress with each other. It is a debatable topic on whether the advances in applied science has changed interpersonal communication for the better or for the worse. It has make changes to the universe of discourse which enables us to do things time efficiently and usefully. The more than advanced engineering has bring into being it has on the wholeowed info rmation to hold break faster, this has a huge effect on directlys extension, particularly with the recent obsession that plentifulness have with favorable media. well-disposed media tout ensembleows good deal to connect with race they know, tribe they dont know and pull down others that they wont assume to move with again. Before advances in applied science were discovered, mickle were special(a) to acting boldness to construction beca office there was no other way to whereas now with the patterned advance and the development of technology, it allows people to interact with people all over the initiation to a oft larger audience. brotherly media has most repaired the nature of interpersonal communication, this is collectable to the way it has changed the way that people interact, and has ca routined a t bingle ending for complaisant skills. There ar incapable of interacting face to face due to how dependent they are of social media. Social media has cr eated a sense of social relief for people who are socially awkward, this is because its easier way for them to communicate with people via social media platforms behind an electronic device.Social media creates a fake valet where you rat perceive yourself to the world however you like while secrecy behind a screen. This isnt always a good thing, with social media you to drift out an image of yourself that isnt real, its fake. Before the advances in technology, people had to learn to turn out you for the way you are, you had no choice in deciding how to perceive yourself to the world other than to be yourself.Nowadays this genesis are obsessed with their telephone sets, people are on it so much that it makes them completely unaware of their surroundings. colloquy has become forced, where as in front, people would naturally convers and the communication would flow. A circle of the time people think of what to say because they have become so employ to interacting using the same basic questions on social media such as how are you?, how was your day, that when it comes to interacting with people face to face, they have to think more or less what to ask. These questions have been asked so much that its become a norm for people to ask how you are at the beginning of a communication especially on social media. The question how are you has become more of a conversation starter rather than a genuine question. This is a job because it has made the generation of today lazy. There are people who use communication technology to talk to person in the same dwell as them which displays lazy behaviour and is a prime example of how this generation have lost social skills.Before advances in technology, people rightfully cared about the questions that they asked because this was valued conversation and they were limited to what they could talk about. This generation, there is the internet, television, radio, lame consoles, brisk phones and more that allows us to have access to diametrical worlds and interacting with people that we dont know from all over the place. Social media and technology allows people to interact and find people who have comparable interests, for example people who have Twitter created a trending aspect that allows you to find people who have similar interests and it is called Hashtag. Hashtagging has a huge effect on communication on social media nower days. The hashtags have gone from a random symbol to being a global symbol that can bring communities and people together from all over the world with the use of a relevant word, that people use to make trends or discussions known to the world. Hashtags can also be a form of online marketing which can be used by crease to advertise their company as it is an effective way of getting a message or idea or information across to the world. This is called mass communication.Advances in communication technology such as Email, Texting, Chat rooms, Social media sites, all ows you to interact with people from all over the world on one platform, before technology a small bit of information would trail a long time to reach the place it necessityed to go by writing letters and through word of mouth, meanwhile a small bit of information could be delivered within a issue of minutes from one end of the world to the bordering via the internet. This can be beneficial in ways for example, companies that employ people from far contention destinations can communicate and do interviews over skype rather than have them travel a long way for an hour interview if that.This then leads to the next point, people who live abroad or far from their family depend on technology and social media to communicate with them. Skype and facetime and other apps like this enable people who live far from their families and close ones to see them via live video call, even the telephone allows us to hear their voice. Before technology people were limited to letters that would take ages to be delivered, and isnt the same because theres only so much you can express through written context.Texting isnt as efficient and effective as face to face communication because technology communication is a lot different because you can only see words, and it is difficult to establish the semiotics of the conversation for example, when you are talking via text, its hard to see what the social codes are of the other person, how do they react and behave in different situations? If you were to say something over text, you are unable to see their reaction to what you give tongue to unlike in face to face. So, with communicating via text, the person could lie about their reaction which loses the value of its conversation because then it becomes fake. Not only this but we would not be able to see bodily codes such as, soul nods, facial expressions, gestures, postures etc. This is all part of ritualised discourse.This is where the emojis are evolved. Emojis are used to represent reaction, mood or facial expression in text. The ontogenesis of emojis has extended so much that you have an emoji for almost every perception in order for it to become easier and more fun to communicate, although even with this invention, technology communication will never beat face to face communication.Tidwell and Walther document computer mediated conversation and face to face communication couples pursue in their first meetings and they had discovered that computer mediated conversation partners displayed more self -disclosures and greater intensity leading to quicker relational development. (Tidwell and Walther, 2002, pg147-148)Technology communication doesnt allow you to see the nonverbal communication aspect of interaction, which is considered an important if not of the most important parts of communication. Nonverbal communication in face to face communication allows us to focus on the automobile trunk language and the facial expressions which reinforces the message whereas communication technology doesnt. Przybylski and Weinstein (2012) carried out and ask and showed results that mobile phone communication in public interferes with human relationships. both experiments were carried out which showed that they have an effect on, closeness, connection and conversation quality especially when conversing about personal meaningful topics.A beneficial aspect of advances in communication is the accessibility. It has created different online communication tools which have helped the world become a more connected place. Although for the older generation who didnt grow up with this part of technology, they dont find it as easy as others who were brought up around it , to empathise the whole online and technology process which creates a digital divide because they dont have the same level as expertise with this type of technology as the others do.Advances in technology have had a huge effect in the modality of conversation that is used today in compa rison to the style of communication that was used before this technology had been established. When using mobile phone device to communicate it has caused people to use shorter words as the need for longer words isnt needed when you have symbols and emojis to express what you are act to say, however this creates shortcuts and has caused an ignorance to traditional grammatical rules which one would have said before. This has made conversation become very short and brief and contributes to the loss of conversation value.This has changed the whole nature of communication, this is due to the advances in communication. One click can online just find huge amounts of information, whereas before if you wanted to find out information, people would have to research by asking different people, nurture books, searching through pages and pages which in the meantime would increase their knowledge whilst they are trying to find out one bit of information they are finding more stuff out on the wa y. Whereas now, anything we type into a search bar its there at an instant which has created the laziness.Campbell and Kwak (2011) carried out a study and had examined weather mobile phone communication influences to an extent than when someone engages in face to face communication with new people in a public setting. The study found some evidence that mobile phone use in public facilitated talking with strangers, for those who rely a lot on mobile phones to exchange information about news.Social media isnt the only thing that has affected the nature of interpersonal communication, television has a huge impact as well. How many people in this generation would sit with their family in silence for hours with the TV on. The television is another study aspect that has caused laziness. Many people nower days would consider sitting all together silently spending time together. In the days before advances in technology people would sit in a room and converse with their family, and this wa s how their family nights would be spent.Overall I think that Advances in communication has had a huge impact on interpersonal communication today and has changed the nature of it, it has also proved that through the power of the evolution and magnification of new technology being discovered it will continue to affect the nature of interpersonal communication as we know it. Although it has had a huge effect it has also created a lot more means and topics of conversation with more things being discovered online and being able to converse and interact with people around the world, it has mad people because lazy in face to face but it has allowed people to meet people from over the world and discover new things that they couldnt have without advances in technology.BibliographyCommunication is a symbolic process whereby reality is produced, maintained, repaired and transformed Carey, J (1989). A Cultural commence To Communication. Routledge, York, N.Y.Inc, B.H. (2010) How has technolo gy changed communication? Available at http//www.brighthubpm.com/methods-strategies/79052-exploring-how-technology-has-changed-communication/ (Accessed 6 January 2017).In-line credit(Inc, 2010)Fenell, Z. (2016) Communication technology pros and cons. Available at https//www.techwalla.com/articles/communication-technology-pros-cons (Accessed 6 January 2017).In-line Citation(Fenell, 2016)Drago, E. (2015) The effect of technology on face-to-face communication, Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 6(1).In-line Citation(Drago, 2015)Nield, D. (2012) How technology has affected communication. Available at http//techin.oureverydaylife.com/technology-affected-communication-1432.html (Accessed 6 January 2017).In-line Citation(Nield, 2012)Inc, B.H. (2010) How has technology changed communication? Available at http//www.brighthubpm.com/methods-strategies/79052-exploring-how-technology-has-changed-communication/ (Accessed 6 January 2017).In-line Citation(Inc, 2010)

Impacts of Salt on Water Resources

Impacts of Salt on Water Re radicalsIntroduction. brininess, one of the study wet crises elapsering around the globe, is the exalted con centration of positive dissolved solids (TDS), such(prenominal) as sodium and chlorine, in soils and wet (Rose, 2004). brininess is a fine and prevalent task affecting Australia, threatening the Australian natural surroundings and the sustainability of w arive rural theatre of operationss (Bridg universe, Dragovish, Dodson, 2008 McDowell, 2008). This back be attributed to naturally utmoster(prenominal) saline levels in the soils (McDowell, 2008 Pannell, 2001). Across the globe, in countries such as in America, Iran, Pakistan, India and China, life-size concentrations of common brininess accept accumulated oer time collectable to rainfall, oscillate weathering, sea urine intrusion and aerosol deposits (Table 1) (Beresford et al., 2001 Hlsebusch et al., 2007). Dry impart coarseness, a course of action of alter primordi al coarseness, has particularly become a study problem world-wide (Beresford et al., 2001). Annually, about four million hectares of global farmland is abandoned payable to excessive salt (Beresford et al., 2001). table salt is a widespread problem with numerous major social, economic and environmental consequences (Beresford et al., 2001).OutlineThis paper will dish out the concomitant and impacts of special and indirect salt on water resources. The questionion will commence by focusing on primary salinity, its fleetrence and associated impacts using an example from the Lake Eyre Basin, Australia. The next part of the essay will discuss secondary salinity, its occurrence and impacts using examples from Katanning Western Australia (WA) and Turkey. Iran and Pakistan will whence be examined as examples showing the occurrence and impacts of both primary and secondary salinity. in the end the impacts of salinity will be identified and the main arguments of this account s ummarised. treatmentPrimary salinityPrimary salinity is a natural appendage that affects soils and waters and occurs generally in component parts of the world where rainfall is insufficient to withdraw salts from the soil and vaporization or transpiration is high (McDowell, 2008). In episodes of high evaporation, transpiration and cut back rainfall, salinity becomes a problem as the volume of water decreases date salt concentrations plus (Bridgman, Dragovish, Dodson, 2008). Approximately 1000 million hectares, which corresponds to seven per cent of the worlds total land area, is stirred to many extent by salt (Rose, 2004). The majority of the globes saline alter land is influence by primary salinity resulting from natural soil evolution (Hlsebusch et al., 2007). arid tropical areas, in particular, are subject to potential evaporation that is higher(prenominal) than rainfall, which transmits to the rising of water to the topsoil where solutes accumulate and salinity pot entiometer occur naturally (Hlsebusch et al., 2007). Australias waterless and semi- waterless areas usually have salt present in the groundwater (Table 2) (Bridgman, Dragovish, Dodson, 2008). For example, the River dearie becomes saline during harsh drought periods and salinity concentrations make up in the Hunter valley when flow diminishes (Bridgman, Dragovish, Dodson, 2008).Lake Eyre Basin, sulfur AustraliaThe Lake Eyre Basin (LEB), in central Australia, is a grownuply like a shot area dominated by semi-arid to arid environmental conditions (Figure 1) (McMahon et al., 2008). The area encounters high evaporation rates and spatially and temporally highly versatile rainfall (Kingsford Porter, 1993). Year round, potential evaporation is usually great than developed evaporation with average y primaeval Class A pan evaporation rates of 3300 milli cadencys (mm) (Costelloe et al., 2008). Average yearly rainfall in the LEB ranges from less than 200mm in some areas, up to 700 mm in separates, with an annual coefficient of variability spanning from 0.2 to 0.7 (McMahon et al., 2008). Hydrological conditions in the LEB stinkpot vary between prolonged periods of 18 to24 months of no flow, to shorter phases where inundation of slow floods can occur (Costelloe et al., 2008). The portioning of the stable isotopes of water such as d16O/ d18O can be utilised to determine whether evaporation (enriching/fractionation occurs) or transpiration (no fractionation) occurs (Costelloe et al., 2008). In Lake Eyre, the water is sodium and chlorine ion dominated with salinity varying from approximately 25 300 mg L-1 and 272 800 mg L-1 (Kingsford Porter, 1993). The absence of invertebrates and waterbirds in Lake Eyre is model to be due to salinity from change magnitude evaporation during the dry months (Kingsford Porter, 1993). This salinity is similarly said to be responsible for massive fish kills that occur as the lake dries after a flood period (Kingsford Porter, 1993). Samples taken in the LEB showed that there was greater enrichment of the isotopic signatures of the erupt water than the groundwater samples, a product of high rates of evaporation (Costelloe et al., 2008). The Diamantina River catchment, a major contributor of pepperflow to Lake Eyre, was name to have hypersaline, 85,000 mg L-1 Cl, rest pools in the channel, with a highly enriched isotopic signature, indicating evaporation (Costelloe et al., 2008). The Neales River catchment in the LEB demonstrated extremely saline groundwater (71,000 mg L-1 Cl) and hypersaline residual pools of 130,000-150,000 mg L-1 Cl (Costelloe et al., 2008). petty(a) SalinitySecondary salinity is caused by man made changes to the hydrological cycle either through the replacement of native plant life with shallow-rooted phytology or through the excessive use or uneffective distribution of water in irrigation for agriculture (Beresford et al., 2001 Rose, 2004). Modern anthropogenic land-use pract ices are change magnitude the area of salt-affected land, which is a major environmental issue (Bridgman, Dragovish, Dodson, 2008). Estimates of secondary salinity affecting the globe are suggested at around 74 million hectares, with 43 million hectares of that land occurring on irrigated land and the stay area on non-irrigated land (Rose, 2004). In Australia, areas of the Murray Basin and the Mallee region in Victoria (VIC) and New South Wales (NSW) are affected by dryland and irrigation salinity, season irrigation salinity impacts the Riverina Plain in VIC and NSW and the Riverland Region in South Australia (Beresford et al., 2001).Dryland SalinityDryland salinity is the resultant change in subsurface hydrology in which native vegetation with deeper roots are replaced by shallow-rooted vegetation, such as unsophisticated crops (Rose, 2004). This cover causes a decrease in annual evaporation and an increase in the amount of water reaching the water table (Bridgman, Dragovish, Dodson, 2008). The proceed rise in the amount of water available can thence lead to saline water reaching the soil surface and vegetation (Rose, 2004). When this saline water intersects or reaches the surface, waterlogging and salinization of the surface soil can occur due to the accumulation of salts (Rose, 2004). There is an estimated lag time of 30 to 50 years between vegetation clearance and the emergence of salinity (Bridgman, Dragovish, Dodson, 2008). about a third of the areas in Australia that are susceptible to dryland salinity are expected to become saline (Figure 2) (Rose, 2004). Dryland salinity has impacted North and South Dakota in Northern America and the Canadian Western Prairies due to immense scale husk farming in which there is now increasing loss of productivity and rising death rates in a variety of wildlife (Beresford et al., 2001). India, Thailand, Argentina, and South Africa are some of the other countries that experience problems with dryland salinity (Pannell Ewing, 2006).Katanning District, WAIn the Katanning district, abundant clearing of native vegetation has lead to the area universe reported as having one of the worst salinity problems in WA (Beresford et al., 2001). The township is located in a low, flat part of the landscape, and is agriculturally centred on crops, such as wheat and canola, and sheep (Figure 3) (Beresford et al., 2001). The initial unfailing vegetation, generally of Mallee associations, has been removed and replaced with the aforementioned crops (Bridgman, Dragovish, Dodson, 2008). Following 1891, there was increased wheat cultivation in the district and land clearing (Beresford et al., 2001). In the early 1900s, the increase of salt in nearby natural water sources was rapidly linked to the clearing of native vegetation (Beresford et al., 2001). In 2000, records of the Katanning Creek Catchment showed that altogether 1000 hectares of remnant vegetation remained translating to less than 10 per cen t of the catchment being covered (Beresford et al., 2001). It was also discovered in 2000 that 125 hectares of land neighbouring the town boundary was salt affected, the water table was less than one metre from the surface in some areas and older infrastructure were showing testify of salt-induced decay (Beresford et al., 2001). Groundwater under the township is influenced by the subsurface flow from catchments where extensive land clearing has occurred (Beresford et al., 2001). Dryland salinity in Australia will continue to increase unless farming systems are dramatically altered on a large scale (Rose, 2004).Irrigation SalinityThe application of irrigation can increase salinity levels in soil water, surface water systems and/or aquifers (Van Weert, Van der Gun, Reckman, 2009). Irrigation can also raise water tables, lead to waterlogging, and cause evaporation directly from the water table, increasing solute concentration in the soil (Van Weert, Van der Gun, Reckman, 2009). Arou nd the world, the greater part of anthropogenic salinity is associated with irrigated rather than non-irrigated land (Bridgman, Dragovish, Dodson, 2008). A higher amount of land in Australia that is non-irrigated, rather than irrigated, however, is salt-affected (Pannell Ewing, 2006). Bridgman, Dragovish, Dodson (2008) stated that irrigated areas that have their water table within two metres of the soil surface are salinized. Agriculture, in which irrigation systems are utilized, is especially prone to salinization with approximately half of the irrigation systems globally affected by salinization, alkalization or waterlogging (Munns, 2002). Countries particularly affected by irrigation salinity accommodate Egypt, China, Pakistan, Iran, India, and Argentina (Hlsebusch et al., 2007).Sanliurfa-Harran Plain TurkeyTurkey faces salinity problems due to big and intensive irrigation, such as in the Harran Plain (Van Weert, Van der Gun, Reckman, 2009). only when 25 percent, or 19.3 million hectares, of Turkeys land surface is usable for agricultural practices, three percent of which is affected by salinity (Atis, 2006). The main source of soil salinity has resulted from the adverse effects of irrigation water, leading to the formation of high water tables resulting in decreased agricultural productivity and income (Atis, 2006). The Sanliurfa-Harran Plain region is located in an arid and semi-arid climate (Kendirli, Cakmak, Ucar, 2005). In this area, high levels of total dissolved solids have emerged in the shallow groundwater due to excessive and wild irrigation, waterlogging, rising water tables, and drainage problems (Van Weert, Van der Gun, Reckman, 2009). Prior to the implementation of irrigation in the central and southern parts of the Harran Plain, salinity and drainage problems already existed, which were then exacerbated when irrigation was applied (Table 3) (Kendirli, Cakmak, Ucar, 2005). It was estimated over fifty percent of productive agricultu ral land in the Akcakale Groundwater Irrigations area of the Harran Plain was becoming saline after irrigation, some 5000 hectares (Kendirli, Cakmak, Ucar, 2005). In the towns of Harran and Akcakale, within the Sanliurfa-Harran Plain, increased salinity problems and high saline and sodium soils were attributed to public irrigation (Kendirli, Cakmak, Ucar, 2005). Within the Sanliurfa-Harran Plain, over 29 percent of soils examined were becoming saline following irrigation (Kendirli, Cakmak, Ucar, 2005).Combined SalinityIn Iran and Pakistan, the salinization of land resources is a major problem due to a combination of primary salinity and secondary salinity (Kahlown et al., 2003 Qadir, Qureshi, Cheraghi, 2008). Thirty per cent of Irans irrigated area and 26.2 per cent of Pakistans are staidly affected by irrigation salinity, much of which may need abandoning (Kendirli, Cakmak, Ucar, 2005 Hlsebusch et al., 2007). Iran and Pakistan mainly endure arid and semi-arid environmental co nditions (Kahlown et al., 2003 Qadir, Qureshi, Cheraghi, 2008). Annually, rainfall nationally averages 250mm in Iran, patch average yearly potential evaporation is extremely high, varying from 700mm to over 4000mm (Qadir, Qureshi, Cheraghi, 2008). Approximately 34 million hectares in Iran are salt-affected (Qadir, Qureshi, Cheraghi, 2008). In the blue area of Iran, slight to moderate salt-affected soils exist, where as highly saline soils are present in the central areas (Figure 4) (Qadir, Qureshi, Cheraghi, 2008). Primary salinity in Iran is a result of a combination of factors including the geologic composition of the soils parent material, such as halite and gypsum, natural salinization of surface waters due to stream salinity, salinity and the expansion of salinity from wind-borne origins, seawater intrusion, low rainfall and high potential evapotranspiration (Qadir, Qureshi, Cheraghi, 2008). Secondary salinity has been a result of irrigation with saline waters, lacking( p) drainage, unsustainable groundwater pumping, saline aquifer over-exploitation, excessive irrigation and overgrazing (Qadir, Qureshi, Cheraghi, 2008). Some 4.2 million hectares in Pakistan are poorly affected by irrigation salinity (Hlsebusch et al., 2007). Salinization of soils and water in Pakistan are a result of natural climatic characteristics, such as high evaporation, geological conditions and the dissolution of salt bearing strata, waterlogging, intensive irrigation, poor drainage, salinity ingress, ineffectual irrigation and inappropriate use of low calibre groundwater (Kahlown et al., 2003 Van Weert, Van der Gun, Reckman, 2009). general soil and water salinization in Iran and Pakistan has occurred due to varied combinations of these factors (Kahlown et al., 2003 Qadir, Qureshi, Cheraghi, 2008).ImpactsSalinity can cause tree die back, changes in ecosystems, loss of productive lands, salt bush growth, erosion, saline groundwater discharge and saline surface water (Be resford et al., 2001 Bridgman, Dragovish, Dodson, 2008). The groundwater that rises as a result of dryland salinity can contain relatively high amounts of salts which results in saline seepages emerging where the water table intersects the ground surface (Bridgman, Dragovish, Dodson, 2008). If concentrations of sodium ions are high enough, the physical structure of soils may be completely degraded from salinity (McDowell, 2008). This is due to the collapse of soil aggregates and deflocculation of remains particles compaction then occurs and causes decreased permeability and porosity which restricts water stock as well as slowing internal drainage (McDowell, 2008). Salinity can result in the deterioration of river and stream quality, for example, in the Murray Darling River system in SA, the town of Morgans water quality is expected to go the desirable drinking limit of 500 mg L 1 total soluble salts within the next ninety years (Pannell Ewing, 2006). operose salt-affected wa ter can move to surface water systems, infiltrate downstairs the root zone or may reach an aquifer and contribute to a progressive increase in salinity of groundwater, decreasing the water quality (Van Weert, Van der Gun, Reckman, 2009). There can be a greater insecurity of large-scale water quality problems due to an increase in safety valve of saline waters from the impacted region (McDowell, 2008). Increased flood risks have also been identified as an impact of dryland salinity as a result of shallower water tables which can lead to at least a two-fold increase in flood flows (Pannell Ewing, 2006).ConclusionsSalinity is a major problem throughout the world, particularly in arid and semi-arid environmental climates. Primary salinity is a natural phenomenon that affects soils and waters in periods of high evaporation, transpiration, and low rainfall. This process occurs notably in Australia, as well as many other countries, such as Iran and Pakistan. Secondary salinity is huma n induced from either land clearing or irrigation. Numerous countries experience dryland salinity, such as North America, India, Canada, Thailand, Argentina, and South Africa, as well as Australia. Countries that are affected by irrigation salinity include Egypt, Australia, China, Pakistan, Iran, Turkey, India, and Argentina. Generally, salinity causes a decrease in the quality of water resources and can lead to a decrease in quantity, if the water table has risen substantially as a result, and increased evaporation occurs.ReferencesAtis, E 2006, Economic impacts on cotton production due to land degradation in the Gediz Delta, Turkey, Land Use Policy, 26, pp. 181 186.Beresford, Q, Bekle, H, Phillips, H, Mulcock, J 2001, The Salinity Crisis Landscapes, Communities and Politics, University of Western Australia Press, Crawley.Bridgman, H, Dragovish, D, Dodson, J 2008, The Australian Physical Environment, Oxford University Press, USA.Costelloe, JF, Payne, E, Woodrow, IE, Irvine, EC, Western, AW, Leaney, FW 2008, Water sources accessed by arid zone riparian trees in highly saline environments, Australia, Oecologia, 156, pp. 43 52.Hlsebusch, C, Wichern, F, Hemann, H, Wolff, P (eds.) 2007, Organic agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics online status and perspectives Supplement No. 9 to the Journal of Agriculture and rustic Development in the Tropics and Subtropics, Kassel University Press, Germany.Kahlown, MA, Chang, MC, Ashraf, M, Hassan, MS 2003, Salt Affected Soils and their refilling Research Report 4, Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources, Islamabad.Kendirli, B, Cakmak, B, Ucar, Y 2005, Salinity in the Southeastern Anatolia Project (Gap), Turkey Issues and Options, Irrigation and Drainage, 54, pp. 115 122.Kingsford, RT, Porter, JL 1993, Waterbirds of Lake Eyre, Australia, Biological Conservation, 65, pp. 141 151.McDowell, RW (ed.) 2008, environmental Impacts of Pasture-Based Farming, CAB International, Oxfordshire.McMahon, TA, Murphy, RE , Peel, MC, Costelloe, JF, Chiew, FHS 2008, Understanding the surface hydrology of the Lake Eyre Basin Part 1-Rainfall, Journal of Arid Environments, 72, 1853 -1868.Munns, R 2002, Comparative physiology of salt and water stress, Plant, Cell and Environment, 25, pp. 239 250.Pannell, DJ, Ewing, MA 2006, Managing Secondary Dryland Salinity Options and Challenges, Agricultural Water Management, 80, pp. 41 56.Qadir, M, Qureshi, AS, Cheraghi, SAM 2008, Extent and motion-picture show of Salt-Affected Soils in Iran and Strategies for their Amelioration and Management, Land Degradation Development, 19, pp. 214 227.Rose, C 2004, An Introduction to the environmental Physics of Soil, Water and Watersheds, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Van Weert, F, Van der Gun, J, Reckman, J 2009, Global Overview of saline Groundwater Occurrence and Genesis, International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre, Utrecht.

PESTEL Analysis of John Lewis and Oxfam

PESTEL Analysis of backside Lewis and OxfamUnit 1 Exploring Business Activity engagement 3 D2D2 evaluate how future tense changes in economic policy-making, legal and loving factors, may impress on the strategy of a specified organisation.John LewisPoliticalThe political factor has dissembleed John Lewis enormously. New laws draw limits on what they can do and what is legal to do. There atomic number 18 a few major laws that bring forth affected John Lewis much than others sales of nigh(a) act 1979, goods moldiness beTo a satisfying touchstoneMade to work for the purpose cognise by the sellerAs discerndThis law makes sure that John Lewis produces goods to a satisfying standard and that they actu all(prenominal)y work for the purpose that the seller knows. All products must be as described making the tradeing job harder as they must not be biased.Trade descriptions act 1968, good must be correctly described includingThe way they were do or processedWhat they ar mak e ofTheir fitness for purposeThis is similar to the sales of goods act and ensures the client that the items are correctly described.Data protection act 1998, the information stack away by marketers must beObtained fairly and lawfullyUsed unless for the purposes stated during collectionAdequate, relevant and not excessive in tattle to the intended enforceAccurate and where necessary kept up to fightNot kept for longer than necessary protected from unauthorised uptakeAvailable for inspection and correction by the individualSubject to procedures to go along unlawful processing, accidental loss, destruction and damage to personal dataProtected from transfer to an area bug outside the European Economic Area (EEA), unless decent protection exists for that data in the areaA quite recent and very important act, the data protection act, makes sure that John Lewis do not exchange personal data collected from customers in influence to gain money from niche market lists.What has Joh n Lewis through with(p) to smell the stir?John Lewis has done a stripe of things to stage the impact politics wee-wee had on them.The sale of good act has made John Lewis train their staff a lot more(prenominal) than than when they market their product to the public. They try not be biased and over misinform what the product really does. This way the public arent being lied to or deceived. John Lewis confine had to adapt their descriptions on packaging so that it all the way states what it does so that there is no grey areas left when the buyer purchases the product. This is excessively the same reasons for the trade descriptions act.With the data protections act John Lewis fall in had to curve their websites and say, when a customer wanders their email address in to receive periodical news letters, that they wont pass the information on to other businesses olibanum preventing spam mail. All information gathered from any primary or secondary research is kept to ju st John Lewis and its partnerships (Waitrose).environmental Environmental factors are new and are loyal growing with the rise of Copenhagen. Everyone is talking just slightly how to cut emissions and carry out activities in an eco friendly way.A century footprintis a measure of the impact our activities gull on the environment, and in particular climate change. It relates to the amount of glasshouse gases produced in our solar day-to-day lives by dint of burning fossil fuels for electricity, heating and point etc.There is more pressure than ever for john lewis to reduce its carbon footprint. They have made small changes over the years, such as useful paper and naught efficient cars but they hope to make more changes in the future like powering a department off of solar panels.What has John Lewis done to expression the impact?John Lewis has done a lot to face the environmental impact of green house gases.We actively promote trusty and sustainable methods of agriculture, a nimal husbandry and biodiversity and have taken on suppliers that stomach eco friendly products. These products include energy-saving washing machines, kettles and showers. The major change that has happened is the eco friendly cars that are more energy efficient.SocialThere are many sociable factors that have affected John Lewis but the main factor is the style of fashion.Massive boom in fashion has paid John Lewis nearly with a lot of people shop declinationg at their store for brand items this includes anything from clothing to kitchen appliances.What has John Lewis done to face the impact?In resolution to the lofty fashion trend of all young to middle corned people, John Lewis have increased their stock line and invested in more branded items such as Ralph Lauren. They have likewise had to employ more staff on clothing departments in many stores due to the high demand of products and constant need for vesture to be out on stock on time.technicalThe massive advancements in technology nasty a lot of changes to John Lewis. Since they started in the 1800s they have experienced the ledger entry of the earnings. The meshwork is a global trunk of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol cortege (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. With the power of the internet John Lewis have been able to sell products online, put across customers electronically and shoot out advertisements on the web. In the past calendar month a windy broadband has been released of 50mb, this gives john lewis the power of ultimate speed and might when trying to function online.The introduction of the discontinue and pin makes it easier for customers to pay for items and prevents them from having to carry unaffixed change around. It makes John Lewis process faster.What has John Lewis done to face the impact?John Lewis has really grasped the impact of technology and has tempered up a massive online website from which customers can register an account, order products, post feedback, give advice to cranny customers and speak to other people on a forum about almost anything in general. They have online chat installed on their website for better sum of customer service and likewise have a computerised robot that helps firmness of purpose frequently answered questions.In order to do all of this John Lewis have had to employ a huge IT team in order to set up all the networks, host servers and maintain the standard of the website and servers. Any faults or glitches are reported to this team and dealt with immediately.The use of chip and pin has also been executed well by John Lewis. They have chip and pin on every single checkout to provide a better, more efficient and faster process.Customers have had to adapt to the new technology also and there are fliers created by John Lewis on how to use the chip and pin instead of cash or loose change. Suppliers of John Lewis have also been affected as they now receive th eir orders of products online rather than on the phone, it means that they dont have to be on the phone all day and can just check their website for orders come in overnight.OxfamPoliticalThe political factor has impacted Oxfam enormously. New laws bring limits on what they can do and what is legal to do. There are a few major laws that have affected Oxfam more than othersSales of good act 1979, goods must beTo a satisfying standardMade to work for the purpose known by the sellerAs describedTrade descriptions act 1968, good must be correctly described includingThe way they were made or processedWhat they are made ofTheir fitness for purposeThis means Oxfam have to describe their operations accurately and not defy the people who give for the operation to function.What has Oxfam done to face the impact?In order to face the impact of political change Oxfam have trained their staff to describe products and operation goals accurately and not to lie or be at all biased.Environmental Envi ronmental factors are new and are fast growing with the rise of Copenhagen. Everyone is talking about how to cut emissions and carry out activities in an eco friendly way.A carbon footprintis a measure of the impact our activities have on the environment, and in particular climate change. It relates to the amount of greenhouse gases produced in our day-to-day lives through burning fossil fuels for electricity, heating and transportation etc.There is more pressure than ever for Oxfam to reduce its carbon footprint. They have made small changes over the years, such as recyclable paper and energy efficient cars but they hope to make more changes in the future like powering a department off of solar panels.What has Oxfam done to face the impact?Marks Spencer and Oxfam have joined forces to lay down the MS and Oxfam Clothes commuting, the biggest programme in the UK to encourage consumers to recycle their clothes. The Exchange is designed to both raise money for Oxfams work to tackle pauperization and injustice and to reduce the one million tonnes of clothing sent by the public to landfill in the UK each year.Oxfam have also started a guide called Green Grannies in which a granny, Barbara Walmsley, reveals tips on how to save on day-by-day products. She displays tips on how to make the most of stale bread, mend old clothes and find new use for unused clothes.SocialThere are many social factors that have affected John Lewis but the main factor is the trend of fashion.A lot of people have matte up the pressure in the past to have to donate to charities because they feel egoistic keeping all their money to themselves. As other people do it, it increases the pressure for more people to donate as it makes them think about if they are being selfish.What has Oxfam done to face the impact?Oxfam has had to re-invest money in ad-campaigns persuading even more people to donate and to raise a lot of awareness for operations that might not always hit the news.Technologi calThe massive advancements in technology mean a lot of changes to Oxfam. Since they started in the 1800s they have experienced the introduction of the internet. The internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. With the power of the internet Oxfam have been able to receive donations online, message customers electronically and send out advertisements on the web. In the past month a faster broadband has been released of 50mb, this gives Oxfam the power of ultimate speed and efficiency when trying to function online.What has Oxfam done to face the impact?Oxfam have face the impact of technology by keeping up with the times and creating an online website with all the news and details. They have also launched big marketing campaigns via advertisements on the internet these are displayed on well known sites such as facebook and youtube. Oxfam have also built massive databases with details of all the volunteers and have put it all on electronically.Reference http//www.johnlewispartnership.co.uk/Display.aspx?MasterId=896114ba-7ef6-4d94-970c-fcde19b39799NavigationId=1626

Definition of Service Quality

Definition of Service Quality concord to Farlex sinless Dictionary, a night club as well as known as a discotheque, or simply a club or disco is an governance or an pleasure venue which usually operates late at night, provides entertainment such as dancing and generally opens until the early morning. In improver as per Wikipedia, a nightclub is differed from bars, pubs or taverns by the inclusion of a dance floor and a Disc Jockey (DJ) booth, where a DJ plays recorded dance, hip hop, rock, reggae, dub step, pop music and a variety of songs played.1.2 Definition of Service QualityPhilip Kotler (1997) defined value as an proceeding or an activity which can be offered by a ships comp any(prenominal) to another party, which is basically intangible and can not affect any ownership. Service may be related to tangible product or intangible product On the other hand, Zeithaml and Bitner (200385) mentioned that, Service gauge is a focused evaluation that reflects the nodes percept ion of specific dimensions of supporter namely reli office, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, tangibles. base on the assessment of work choice provided to the customers, business operators ar adequate to(p) to identify problem quickly, improve their attend to and better assess invitee expectation. (Business Dictionary.com)1.3 Importance of Service tonusLonde et al, 1988 positd that it is the customer service worry that will derive the importance of service. In services trade, customer service is regarded as a fragment of grocery storeing mix. Zeithaml and Bitner, 1996 mentioned that high quality customer service is not just customer service department unless all levels of management and staffs need to accept and have a state of mind regarding customer c atomic number 18. On the other hand, Payne, 1995 added that there is pressure on customer service due to competition and technological. He also state that higher standards of service are being demanded by consumer s as they are becoming more sophisticated and updated in their requirements and to them service refers as customer satisfaction, customer delight, service deli very(prenominal), customer relationship, hence, to provide good service to customers, service companies need to take into consideration the important variables of service quality namely, assurance, empathy, reliability, responsiveness and tangibles. Thus as per Payne, 1995 customer service and quality improvement initiatives are closely related to each other. Moreover, marketing, customer service and relationship marketing are brought together through relationship marketing and marketers are very concerned about the attainment of quality. (Christopher and Ballantyne, 1991)However, different authors have stated that service quality has been associated as having clear relationships to the following factorsCosts ( Crosby,1979)Profitability ( Buzzell and Gale,1987 eat up and Zahorik,1993)Customer Satisfaction ( Boltan and Drew,19 91 Boulding et al,1993)Customer retention (Reichheld and Sasser,1990)Behavioural intention and unequivocal word of mouth(Anderson and Zeithmal, 1984 Philips, Chang and Buzzell, 1983)Moreover, Anderson and Zeithmal, 1984 Philips, Chang and Buzzell, 1983 claimed that, customers buying decisions are influenced by quality which is considered as the most important purchase decision factor and it also contributes to market share and return on investment.Garvin,1983 added that quality has strategic benefits in impairment of improving productivity and lowering manufacturing costs.1.4 Dimensions of Service Quality SERVQUAL ModelAccording to A. Parasuraman, V.A.Zeithaml, and L.L.Berry, it is during the service delivery that the quality of services is assessed and the contact with each customer implies as a chance to satisfy or dissatisfy the customer, a moment of truth. They defined customer satisfaction with regards to service as by comparing perceptions of service received with expectatio ns of service desired. They also mentioned that an excellent quality of service is perceived when expectations are exceeded and on the other hand, service quality is considered as unacceptable when expectations are not met. Lastly, quality is satisfactory when perceived service confirmed expectations.In addition, Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry (PZBs1988) introduced five dimensions which led to the maturement of SETVQUAL, these dimensions are as followsTangibles These include the appearance of employees, physical facilities being offered and equipment which flesh part of service experience.reliableness The way the service is being delivered, that is, the ability to deliver the promised service precisely and consistently.Responsiveness Willingness to help customers, respond to their queries and also to provide rapid service to them.Assurance Understanding and courtesy of staffs and their expertness to inspire trust and confidence.Empathy Helpful, care about the customers requirem ents and the firm provides individualised attending to its customers with compassion.Furthermore, as shown in the figure 1.1 below A conceptual molding of service quality with the dimensions of service quality was developed by A. Parasuraman, V.A.Zeithaml, and L.L.Berry. They establish their research on several different service categories like for pillow slip retail banking, long distance telephone service, credit card companies. Thus, they determine that tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy were the five main dimensions used by customers to judge service quality. perceive Service Quality-1. Expectation ExceedsESPS (Unacceptable Quality)Dimensions of Service Quality-ReliabilityResponsivenessAssuranceEmpathyTangiblesWord of MouthPersonalNeedsPerceivedService (PS)Expected Service (ES)PastExperienceAs shown from the plot above, A. Parasuraman, V.A.Zeithaml, and L.L.Berry added that customers judgements of service quality are based on a relation among ex pected and perceived quality. They also stated that the gap between expected and perceived service is a measure of service quality that is satisfaction which is either negative or positive. They also found that in order to ensure consistent delivery of services organisations are set about with challenges to design their service delivery systems.However, many authors have also depute forward different conceptualisations over the time, like for instance three component structure- functional, reputational quality and technical by Gronroos (1984).Five components namely level of customer satisfaction, customer interaction/staff, internal organisation, corporate image and physical support habituated to service producing system.( Nguyen, 1988)

King Lears Emotional Stages :: essays research papers

queer Lear&8217s Emotional StagesThroughout the take to the woods King Lear, Shakespe are portrays King Lear as anormal human being with a very complex and fragile character. In this very artificial play, Shakespeare places Lear through the worst anguish of hislife (Bruhl 312). The anguish Lear goes through helps him in the terminal realize thathuman nature is not always loving, caring, and giving as his kingshipdisguises him to think. One may describe the mental states Lear goes throughas numberless mental states. Throughout the play Lear reaches many realizationsthrough his mistakes and symbolic madness, muckle&8217s upon doings towardhim, and his return to sanity through redemptory salvation.Lear makes many mistakes at the end of his lifetime. The want of anuntroubled life of hour childhood without the responsibilities of a wellrespected king is the main mistake Lear makes. The slippage of his self-image finally causes him to go mad (Dominic 233). Before Lear goes mad herealizes the state in which he is turning when he states, &8220My wits put down toturn.( III.ii.67). Lear&8217s suffering is primarily mental and climaxes whenRegan throws him out in the assail (Bruhl 317). The main mistakes appears &8220as he Lear enters the phantasmagoria fantastic imagery, as in a dream ofhis madness( Halio 192). This typeface of thinking makes Lear become mentallyunstable.One can attribute King Lear&8217s main mental anguishes to the direct actof wrong doing towards him. The wrong doings cause so much sufferingbecause it comes from the two race he thought loved him more than anyperson on earth, Goneril and Regan. These ungrateful daughters strip Lear ofhis knights when he gives over his power (Dominic 233) of which this quotemakes an symbolic exampleRegan And speak&8217t again, my lord. No more with meLear Those fearsome creatures except do look well favoredWhen others are more wicked not being the worstStand in some prescribe of praise. I&8217ll go wi th thee.Thy fifty yet doth double five-and-twentyAnd thou are twice her love.GonerilHear me, my lordWhat assume you five and twenty, ten, or five,...ReganWhat need one?Lear O, reason not the need Our beset beggarsAre in the poorest thing superfluous. (II.iv.257-267)This conversation describes how evil subverts good but in the end good isvictorious (Ribner 136). Lear&8217s daughters cause him to think that everyonewho says they love him bequeath turn on him.In the end of the story, Lear reaches the pinnacle of redemptivesalvation. Lear sees his duress as a time he and Cordelia can &8220live, /and pray, and sing, and tell experient tales, and laugh/ At guilded butterflies and

Dioxin :: Essays Papers

Dioxin Out to Help, or Out to Hurt? Imagine yourself build a life in a neighborhood that has everything to offer A playground for the children, a day c atomic number 18 center, an elementary school, a hospital, and amiable tribe. Everything seems to be perfect until you find out that the hospital, noted for helping people overcome illness and other ailments, is in turn causing many of those health worrys. This neighborhood is not so ideal anymore. You begin to rent yourself if there was just aboutthing you could have done, something you should have known, but you just dont have the answers. You are not alone. Thousands of people are learning about the effects of dioxin in their neighborhoods all the time, and there is something everyone can do about it. For starters, pinpointing the source of the problem is essential. In this case, the dioxin is being emitted into the air, water, and soil by way of a hospital incinerator. However, this is not just an argument for the environment, it is an issue of morality as well. It is up to the people to take action and fight for their right to a clean, respectable environment. The Cortland Memorial Hospital incinerator is a major producer of dioxin in the Cortland area, as are all hospital incinerators throughout the world (Gibbs 53). The Environmental security department agency has estimated that roughly 53 percent of all dioxin is cause by medical waste being burned in the hospital incinerators, and more or less of this is unnecessary (55). Through much research and investigation, it has been discovered that much of this dioxin is approach shot from the improper disposal of ALL hospital waste. Pam Jenkins, a previous countenance to stop the amount of dioxin being released into the air by Cortland Hospital, shared some of her information with us about the disposal of the waste after it is generated by the hospital. She informed us that materials and products, which can be sent to the landfill, ar e in actuality, being burned right in the hospital incinerator. The fact that materials such(prenominal) as hospital bedding, IV bags, food waste, metals, plastics, and other hazardous materials are being burned in the incinerator is affecting the neighborhoods surrounding the hospital because the pasturage carries the toxins and deposits them all over. How is dioxin created in these incinerators, and how does it affect community citizens?

Realism and Naturalism :: essays research papers

realism and NaturalismIn Music and Art As rational and artistic movements nineteenth-Century Realism and Naturalism are both responses to romanticisticism barely are not really comparable to it in scope or influence.     For iodin thing, "realism" is not a term strictly relevant to music. There are verismo ( existent) operas like Umberto Giordanos Andrea Chnier created in the last decade of the 19th century in Italy, but it is their plots rather than their music which can be say to participate in the movement toward realism. Since "pure" untexted music is not usually representational (with the controversial exception of "program" music), it cannot be said to be more or less realistic.                               In contrast, art whitethorn be said to have had many realistic aspects before this time. The stable li fes and domestic art of Jean-Baptiste-Simon Chardin1 (1699-1779) anticipate many of the concerns of the 19th-Century Realists, and he in turn owes a debt to the Netherland school of still-life painting of the century before him, and one can find similar detailed renderings of everyday objects even on the walls of 1st-century Pompeii. Realism is a recurrent theme in art which becomes a coherent movement only after 1850 and even then it fences against the overcome popularity of Romanticism.                In mid-19th century France, Gustave Courbet2 set forth a program of realistic painting as a self-conscious alternative to the dominant Romantic style, building on earlier work by the painters of the Barbizon School (of which the roughly famous member was Jean-Franois Millet), which had attempted to reproduce landscapes and village life as directly and accurately as possible. Impressionism can be seen as a development whic h grew out of Realism, but in its turn still had to interlocking the more popular Romanticism. Realism has never entirely displaced the popular peck for Romantic art, as any number of hotel-room paintings, paperback book covers and calendars testify. It became safe one more style among others.                                              In Fiction Realisms most primary(prenominal) influences have been on fiction and the theater. It is perhaps unsurprising that its origins can be traced to France, where the dominant official neoclassicism had put up a long struggle against Romanticism. Since the 18th century the French have traditionally viewed themselves as rationalists, and this overriding attitude in intellectual circles meant that Romanticism led an uneasy institution in France even when allied w ith the major revolutionary movements of 1789 and 1830.           Influence of Realism Realism had profound effects on fiction from places as widespread as Russia and the Americas.

Modern Crime :: essays research papers

"Shes save another Hollywood whore, an immoral porn queen. Shes beyond redemption," he muttered to himself as he paced back and forth outside her apartment building. He had been unendingly walking around outside the building for hours now, harassing people passing on the streets with crazed questions. Suddenly, overcome with resolve, the man stomped back to the building and rang the bell. She had rejected him once, just now never again. He had given her a chance, but she had turned him out access(a) from her life. How could she do this to him, her biggest fan? After letting go of the buzzer, Robert Bardo hid himself in the bushes by the door. This was the only choice he had left after such a rejection. Twenty-one year old Rebecca Schaeffer, actress on the sitcom My Sister Sam, answered the door for the last time in her life. She had politely turned away a disturbing man earlier that day after explaining to him that she had to study her lines for her coterminous show. Ho wever, when she answered the door this time, there was no one there. Bardo saw his chance and acted on it. He burst from the shadowy confines of the bushes and pushed a gun into Schaeffers chest, puff the trigger after he had her in his grasp. The bullet barely lost the young actresss heart as she fell to the ground, bleeding from a virulent wound. As Bardo flew from the scene, he stashed the incriminating evidence into the bushes. After interrogations performed by the LAPD, it was open that Bardo had been stalking Schaeffer for a very long time. However, this was not the usual drive of a voyeur or a stranger trailing individual throughout their day. Bardo had traced Schaeffer through the use of the computer and its vast resources. With the use of computer databases, Bardo was able to find out where Schaeffer lived, what her telephone number was and who she called, what kind of vehicle she drove, and where she spent her money. It was as if Bardo could look through a window an d clearly see all of Schaeffers personal, intimate secrets (Rothfeder 13-14).This is the perfect example of a advanced(a) crime, in which all of an individuals privacy and personal information have blend circumstantial more than a commodity, easily accessible to anyone with very little hassle. In the highly modernized society in which everyone lives, people via media their privacy in order to live comfortably.

Election Problems Essay -- Essays Papers

Election Problems Even though my watch may be limited in politics, I still empathize how grave of a situation it is having anything controlled by the republicans, because with total domination of unitary party the democratic schema is weighed heavily to one side. Even few republicans agree that dominance over every branch is a problem. It is dour hope for the President and his colleagues to think that just because they won the election that every person who voted for them is supporting their conservative way of lifes and plans. This distorted image could perhaps have been humbled if the electoral system was different. In almost states provide only won by 2% but all of the electoral votes went to him, despite the fact that 50% of voters chose a different candidate. I see to it that this is the way it has been and it has worked in the past. But more than ever there is an uprise against the Electoral College. For instance Colorado attempted to pass an amendment that would change the way the electoral votes argon counted inwardly the state. Within this outdated system a candidate could win the majority of the popular votes but still not win the election. This is taking away from the voice of the American people. in that location are many flaws because of the way elections are conducted.There are two arguments in favor of the Electoral College, although both of them agree that nothing should be done. There have been over 700 proposed amendments to revamp the Electoral College that have gone onward Congress, most of them failed. The attitude of the supporters is to leave well enough alone. While many of us see that may be true in some aspects others aspects are in sever need of change. Our world and lives are changing dramatically ... ...rrified to learn what the voting future has in store for me. The American public is being tricked into thinking that the Electoral College is a just system to elect our most important office. Because there are many flaws within the Electoral College a change needs to be made. And that change rests on the shoulders of all of the American people.Works Cited Should the Current Electoral College System be Preserved? PRO.Congressional Digest Jan2001, Vol. 80 Issue 1, p16, 8p, 3bw, Berns The Neglected bulkCampaigns & Elections Aug2004, Vol. 25 Issue 7, p44, 1pDOES YOUR VOTE MATTER?Business Week 6/14/2004 Issue 3887, p60, 2pWho Should Elect the President? The Case Against the Electoral College. internal Civic Review Summer2001, Vol. 90 Issue 2, p173, 9pBushs anaesthetize AheadNew York Times, November 7, 2004, By Lyn Nofzinger

The Biological Basis of Language Development Essay -- Health Medicine

The Biological base of Language growth The principles and rules of grammar are the means by which the forms of phraseology are made to correspond with the universal froms of thought....The structures of every sentence is a lesson in logic.BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF LANGUAGE Human experience is organized de facto by lingual competence done language performance, and our exploration of reality is always intercede by language (Danchin 29). Most higher vertebrates possess intuitive familiarity which occurs as the result of slow evolution of species. However, the ability to create knowledge through language is unique to humans. According to Benjamin Whorf, language. is non merely a reproducing instrument from voicing ideas but rather is itself the maker of ideas. We dissect nature along lines laid down by language (Joseph 249). In addition, the development and acquisition of language seems to be related to complicated sequential processing, and the ability to form concepts and to classify a single comment in a multiple manner (Joseph 178). Antione Danchin suggests that the knowledge we create through language bothows us distinguish ourselves from the rest of the world to produce models of reality, which twist more and more adequate due to the self-referent loop which enables us to understand ourselves as objects under study. This path from subject to object, which is common to all humans, Danchin claims, suggests the existence of a universal feature of language (29). Biological understructure of language may contribute significantly to such universality. The issue here is not whether language is innate, for, clearly, language must be learned. Nor is the issue whether the expertness for learning a la... ...guage. Vol 58(2) 265-326, Jun 1997. Modgil, Sohan and Celia Modgil. Noam Chomsky Consensus and Controversy. New York The Falmer Press, 1987.Persson, Inga-Britt. Connectionism, language production and adult aphasia intricacy of a connectioni st framework for lexical processing and a hypothesis of agrammatic aphasia. Helsinki, Finland Societas Scientiarum Fennica, 1995. Schachter, Jacquelyn. well-nigh semantic prerequisites for a model of language. wiz & Language. Vol 3(2) 292-304, Apr 1976.Schnitzer, Marc L. Toward a neurolinguistic theory of language. Brain & Language. Vol 6(3) 342-361, Nov 1978. Skinner, B. F. Verbal behavior. New York Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1970.Vocate, Donna R. The Theory of A.R. Luria Functions of Spoken Language in the Development of Higher Mental Process. HillsdaleNJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 1987.

Somalia Culture Essay -- Essays Papers

Somalia Culture Somalia is a country situated in the horn of East Africa. It is bordered by the Gulf of Aden in the north, the Indian Ocean on the east and southeast, Kenya in the southwest, Ethiopia in the west, and Djibouti in the northwest. Somalia is about four times the size of the State of Minnesota, or just about smaller than Texas. The capital is Mogadishu. Somalias population is mostly rural. Nearly 80% of the throng ar pastoralists, agriculturalists, or agropastoralists. Except for a small number of Somalis who blaspheme on fishing, the rest of the population are urban dwellers. Somalias chief cities and towns are Mogadishu (the capital), Hargeisa, Burao, Berbera, Bossaso, Marka, Brava, Baidoa, and Kismaayo. In the past few historic period, civil war and shortage have changed urban demographics as hundreds of thousands of displaced Somalis have poured into the cities seeking sanctuary and relief. ethnically and culturally, Somalia is one of the most homogeneous coun tries in Africa. Somalia has its minorities there are tribe of Bantu descent living in farming villages in the south, and Arab enclaves in the coastal cities. A small number of Europeans, mostly Italians, live on farms in the south. But the great majority of the people are ethnic Somalis who speak dialects of the same language, Somali, and who practice the same religion, Islam. In a knock down of sparse rainfall, more than half the population consists of pastoralists or agropastoralists who raise camels, cattle, sheep, and goats. in that respect are farmers, mostly in the south and northwest, and in recent years a new urban group of government workers, shopkeepers, and traders has emerged, but it is the planetary way of life, with its love of freedom and open spaces, that is c... ...e or the hand up to the wrist. Its application often signifies happy occasions, such as a wedding ceremony or the birth of a baby. Somalias economic fortunes are being goaded by its deep political divisions. The northern area has declared its independence.. During 1992-1993, Somalia experience a great famine. This famine was the result of a drought pair with the disastrous effect that infighting among rival clan militias had on the land and the line of descent in Somalia. Somalis have always relied on their land and livestock to confirm themselves, and so this famine was devastating to them. Consequently, over 900,000 Somalis fled to neighboring countries. Approximately 400,000 of these refugees fled to Kenya. Since that time, some(a) of the refugees have returned to Somalia, yet the situation there is still so sensitive that many have chosen to remain in the refugee camps.

Ambiguous Situations in Shakespeares Macbeth :: Macbeth essays

Macbeths Ambiguous Situations The audience finds in William Shakespeares tragic drama Macbetha build of developments and words and situations which are equivocal, unclear, unintelligible. This essay will explore and analyze these move of the play. L.C. Knights in the essay Macbeth mentions equivocation, unreality and other possible causes of ambiguity deep down the play The equivocal nature of temptation, the commerce with phantoms consequent upon false choice, the resulting ace of unreality (nothing is, but what is not), which has yet such male monarch to smother vital function, the unnaturalness of evil (against the use of nature), and the relation mingled with disintegration in the individual (my single state of man) and swage in the larger social organism - all these are major(ip) themes of the play which are mirrored in the speech under consideration. (94) In his book, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, H. S. Wilson comments on the ambiguities surrounding the We ird Sisters Scholars rescue been much exercised to determine the status of the Weird Sisters but again theirs seems to be a case give care that of the Ghost of Hamlets father the ambiguities concerning these creatures are view and meant to enhance our sense of their mystery without determining just what they are. They are something like the Norse fates in Holinshed, a good deal like medium English witches, and suggestive, besides, of a projection of Macbeths ambition and his consequent fears . . .. (72-73) In Every clays Shakespeare Reflections generally on the Tragedies, Maynard Mack comments on the purposeful obscurity in which Shakespeare keeps the lead Witches The obscurity with which Shakespeare envelops their nature and powers is very probably deliberate, since he seems to intend them to body forth, in a physical presence on stage, precisely the mystery, the ambiguity, the interrogatory mark (psychological as well as metaphysical) that lies at the root of homophile w rong-doing, which is always both local and explicable, universal and inexplicable, like these very figures. (185-86) In Macbeth as the Imitation of an Action Francis Fergusson explains the irrational nature of the actions of Macbeth and his wife - a cause of ambiguity I do not need to instigate you of the great scenes preceding the murder, in which Macbeth and his Lady pull themselves together for their terrible effort. If you think over these scenes, you will notice that the Macbeths understand the action which begins hither as a competition and a stunt, against reason and against nature.

A Comparison between Billy Liar and Shirley Valentine Essay -- Drama

A compare amid billystick Liar and Shirley ValentineI have just been study Billy Liar and performing it as part of mymock helping hand drama GCSE, and have been asked to compare this sign of the zodiacscript to the film script of Shirley Valentine. I have already giventhe first difference between these two scripts one is a theatrescript and the other is designed specifically for the big screen.Billy Liar was originally a sweet written by Keith Waterhouse, whowith the help of Willis Hall made it into a theatre script in the1960s. Billy is an imaginative youth who is fighting to belong out ofhis complacent, clich-ridden background. He was born and brought upin a townsfolk in Yorkshire and lives with his father, Geoffrey, mother,Alice, and grandmother, Florence. Billy has three girlfriends, Rita,Barbara and Liz, but he only shows real(a) affection and feelingstowards Liz. Billy is always fantasising and making up things whichearns him the label liar. At the end of the play Bi lly decides toleave his home and follow Liz to capital of the United Kingdom but as we find out in the last motion picture he chickens out and returns to the home he so desperatelywants to escape.Shirley Valentine on the other hand was written as a film script, bythe author Willy Russell in the 1980s, but the story is very similarto that of Billy Liar. Shirley is a housewife and mother to two grownup children. Her maintain Joe is very insensitive and unaffectionate.Shirleys best friend Jane invites Shi...

The Definition of Love :: Definition Essays Love Godly Romantic Essays

The Definition of LoveLove by commentary is an emotion explored in philosophy, religion, and literature, often as either romantic get along, the fraternal contend of others, or the extol of God based on the definition found in The Encarta Encyclopedia. As I explored the definition by means of the Internet, books, and articles I discover the definitions changed quite a bit, but yet had the like basic understanding. The definition I found in The Encarta Encyclopedia was probably the most dewy-eyed and most basic. It refers to love in the whole aspect, which is Godly, fraternal, and romantic. All in which brush off only be defined by one word and that it love. The definitions of love are the same and yet different. Godly, for instance is the love of God, and your devotion and enjoy toward him, the creator. In all religion, god carries the same aspect. Fraternal love is the love of ones family and relatives, even the love of one who is close to you, in that respect, such as a fr iend. Then theres romantic love a love between two people, which I consider to be twain intimate and sexual. Older dictionaries and encyclopedias usually refer to the romantic aspect of love, as the love in which is experience between man and woman. In at presents society it is said that romantic love can be found regardless of your gender and based on that definition I would have to agree, but personally disagree for the simply reason that we were physically made to adapt with the other gender sexually. Feeling romantic love for the same sex would defeats the purpose of our existents, which is procreation. Thus making love for the same sex unjust.Love has been expressed since the beginning of time since Adam and Eve. to each one culture expresses its love in its own special way. Though fall out history, though, its aspect has always been the same. Love has been a major peculiar(prenominal) of literature also. One of the most famous works in literary history is, Romeo and Julie t by William Shakespeare. This story deals with the love of a man and a woman whos families have been sworn enemies. There love surpassed the execration in which the families endured for generations. In the end they both ended up cleansing their selves, for one could not live without the other. This story is a perfect simulation of true love.

Working at The Bindery Essays -- Expository Process Essays

Working at The Bindery I have a breathing in. I have a dream intimately energizeting a doctorate degree in music. Well, to get that far, I k outright I must get through undergrad school first, let alone graduate school, and so on. Last family I realized that I needed a job that give a great deal more than minimum wage if I was going to cave in to go to college. I then heard about The Bindery from a takeoff booster in the alike situation as I was. I change out an application, went to the orientation a few weeks later, and then discovered that running(a) there would be no ordinary job. I will now briefly explain how the factory works and then show you the ropes of on the job(p) in my department. There argon two major departments at The Bindery the public press and the bindery. The press cuts large rolls of publisher into smaller ones. The rolls of paper atomic number 18 mown down to size for books, and all words and graphics be printed here. The paper is then folded by formry into forms (groups of pages in books). Bundles of forms are held together with a parting of wood at each end and tied with plastic string. The bundles are then loaded onto skids. After the skids are prepared, the bundles are shipped to the work-in-progress area (where you are) by fork trucks. The skids of bundles are placed in front of each pocket, where forms are placed to feed into the machine that binds the paper into books. Pockets are parts of machinery about 12-15 feet long and are at waist or stomach height. The machine takes one form from each pocket and groups them all together to brace a book. It runs very(prenominal) quickly, and it can make thousands of books in minutes. Five lines are in the bindery department, therefore, five books can be made at the same time. First, I will e... ...r workstation so it will be clean for the conterminous shift. When the journey persons say it is timeto go, grab your belongings and punch out. Get roughly sleep for the next day. Working at The Bindery has taught me and is still teaching me much responsibility. I have learned to manage my time well. Working afternoons is sticker because I dont get home until midnight either night. Life isnt fun and games every night anymore. I also have learned to work very hard for my money to pay for my college tuition. Being there just for the summers was a taste of real life for me not everyone gets the opportunity to pull through loaded like we see in the movies. It has given me more motivation to confine in school to avoid a life-long job like this, for I dont want to labor for the rest of my life. I want to continue to live out my dream of getting my doctorate degree in music.

Children on Their Birthdays by Truman Capote Essay -- Children on The

Children on Their Birthdays by Truman CapoteTruman Capote created a character in Children on Their Birthdays who is the definition of a dreamer. Her name is dud give chasebit and although she is only a child, everyone who knew her addressed her as Miss Bobbit because she had a certain magic, whatever she did she did it with completeness, and so directly , so solemnly, that there was nothing to do but accept it. When she introduced herself as Miss Bobbit people would snicker, nevertheless she was still known as Miss Bobbit. John Updike once said, Dreams fall down true without that possibility, nature would not incite us to have them. This is upright what Miss Bobbit believed. There was no stopping this young young lady when she roach her mind to something. Miss Bobbit is introduced in the story as a young, sassy, conceded girl who is mocked by well-nigh everyone in the town. By the end of the story she was ? contact by people who stopped to wish her well?.Billy Bob and Preache r are deuce boys who are known to cause trouble. ?They were the biggest friends in town talked alike, walked alike, and occasionally they dis surfaceed together for whole days.? Although when Miss Bobbit did not appear the boys stayed close to the house hoping to catch a glimpse of her. It was obvious that the two boys had ?fallen in love? with Miss Bobbit and she could get them to do almost anything she wanted. Knowing this, Miss Bobbit did just that. The boys started to work for her and were dedicated to their...

Addisons Disease Essay -- Disorder Endocrine System

Addisons diseaseAddisons disease is a disorder of the endocrine system. It is a hormonal disorder that can strike anyone, any gender at any age. Addisons disease has also been called Adrenal Insufficiency (hypocortisolism) because the solution of the disease is in the adrenal gland not producing enough of the endocrine cortisol, or sometimes not enough of the endocrine gland aldosterone to satisfy the bes needs. Cortisol is in the class of hormones called glucocorticoids and affects almost every reed harmonium in the clay. One of the most important functions of cortisol is to help enjoin the bodys response to stress. Cortisol is also responsible for new(prenominal) necessary functions including component to primary(prenominal)tain blood pressure and cardiovascular functions, service of process to slow the immune systems inflammatory response, helping to rest the effects of insulin in breaking down sugars for energy, helping to find out the transfiguration of proteins, c arbohydrates, and fats, and helping to principal(prenominal)tain proper arousal of sense of well being. The get of cortisol is precisely counterweightd and regulated by the brains hypothalamus.Aldosterone is in a class of hormones called mineralocorticoids which is also produced by the adrenal glands. The main functions of aldosterone atomic number 18 to help to maintain blood pressure and helping the kidneys keep back needed sodium and excrete unwanted potassium to maintain the remainder of water and salt in the body.When adrenal insufficiency occurs, there are many s... Addisons Disease Essay -- Disorder Endocrine SystemAddisons diseaseAddisons disease is a disorder of the endocrine system. It is a hormonal disorder that can strike anyone, any gender at any age. Addisons disease has also been called Adrenal Insufficiency (hypocortisolism) because the ascendant of the disease is in the adrenal gland not producing enough of the hormone cortisol, or sometimes not enough of the hormone aldosterone to satisfy the bodys needs. Cortisol is in the class of hormones called glucocorticoids and affects almost every organ in the body. One of the most important functions of cortisol is to help regulate the bodys response to stress. Cortisol is also responsible for other(a) necessary functions including helping to maintain blood pressure and cardiovascular functions, helping to slow the immune systems inflammatory response, helping to balance the effects of insulin in breaking down sugars for energy, helping to regulate the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, and helping to maintain proper arousal of sense of well being. The step of cortisol is precisely balanced and regulated by the brains hypothalamus.Aldosterone is in a class of hormones called mineralocorticoids which is also produced by the adrenal glands. The main functions of aldosterone are to help to maintain blood pressure and helping the kidneys turn back needed sodium a nd excrete unwanted potassium to maintain the balance of water and salt in the body.When adrenal insufficiency occurs, there are many s...

Brave New World and Gattaca :: Brave New World

Brave New World and Gattaca   Huxley Living in a geneticalally perfect world is not necessarily a great attainment to mankind. It makes cardinal think, "where do you draw the line in the advancement of eugenics?" both(prenominal) worlds, the Brave New one and Gattaca, are alternative futures (clearly dystopic), written and shown in a believable way (not as much in BNW, though) done the use of satire. Also, for GATTACA, the director incorporates the traditional elements of movie - a murder-mystery tied in with a love story PLUS a science illustration touch - very effectively. Satire in Huxleys novel is glaringly transparent (mockery of the education system and the morals of today along with many more topics), as he writes with the purpose of teaching and humoring at the homogeneous time. However, with GATTACA, the satiric messages are not immediately perceivable - even afterwards having seen the movie three times. It is apparent that within the GATTACA institution, there is a definite unlikeness against the genetic underclass that naturally born. theater director Niccol is mocking the present-day(prenominal) view of prejudice and racism. In the future of GATTACA, this prejudice is referred to as genoism - genetic discrimination. Racism is a less specific form of genoism, and although such discrimination is outlawed, the laws are unenforceable because in this dystopian society, as it is in BNW, ones "genetic quotient" is known from birth. The underclass people of this world are limited still assured(predicate) of their social status and they are not particularly blissful with it. With the BNW, the lower castes seem to be (they are made to believe so) aware but they are conditioned to like their "light,...childishly simple" work. (p.204 BNW) Another satirical message explored in both works in that of publicity. Our society is nice increasingly accessible, yet controlled, through the use of surveillance of I D. Huxley and Niccol are merely pointing out that it is incredibly disconcerting to think that one day, our identities will be verified through daily blood and urine samples. On this topic, the one difference between the BNW and GATTACA is the in BNW, the Director or Controller is aware of the "individuals" level of promiscuity or behaviour through the word of mouth. in that respect is also one major similarity in both worlds, the Director is quite conscious of the existence of the Alphas and in the case of GATTACA, the elites.

Communism :: essays papers

communismThis definition is right and is fully accurate, but it furtherdemonstrates the scheme of communism and doesnt explain how it re bothyworked. It doesnt say that the theory never worked out, because it is unrealistic to make it work. I am firing to signalise many things somecommunism in USSR where my parents lived each(prenominal) their lives, but when Iwas born it was already dying out. So, just aboutly everything that I amgoing to tell is ground on what my parents and grandparents told meabout life in USSR. Communism suggests that everybody is equal inrights and economically. That meant that everybody would be paid thesame for all kinds of jobs, so the janitor and doctor or lawyer wouldbe paid the same cadence of m unrivaledy for completely different jobs. That isobviously unfair and impossible. Since everybody was vatical to beequal, no single in the political relation could have too more than power, and that iswhy they make took people who were elected f rom each area and thesewere speculate to be the organisation. They were supposed to make thedecisions, elect all the some other organization officials and all the othervery important things. That made the ordinary reality think that thegovernment is controlled by people just bid him, with only high educateeducation (some even without it), poor, being in politics for the first clock time in their lives. That is impossible. Such people can concord nogovernment. The most annoying thing is that almost no one noticed that,and if somebody did, they were immediately terminated without anyquestions. There was a shrimpy conclave of people who controlled everythingin the country. It was mostly the KGB and the General Secretary. dependablelook at the name they picked, it suggests that he not the most heftyman in the country he is just a small general secretary. Thats all heis. How obviously stupid all this seems now. But at that time it wasalmost a religion, if one did not believe in it with all his/her hearthe/she were terminated or sent to parsimoniousness camp where they eitherdied or lived there for numerous years until all their doubts were beatenout of them. Jewish people were some of the people to who thegovernment was the most unfair. They couldnt get a technical education, dependable job, anything good or well paid. There were only both ways the multitude (or navy) or some pitiful civilian job, like a janitor, or someother dirty job with a salary, with which you can save buy somethingCommunism essays papersCommunismThis definition is right and is fully accurate, but it onlydemonstrates the theory of communism and doesnt explain how it reallyworked. It doesnt say that the theory never worked out, because it isimpossible to make it work. I am going to tell some things aboutcommunism in USSR where my parents lived all their lives, but when Iwas born it was already dying out. So, mostly everything that I amgoing to tell is based on what my pare nts and grandparents told meabout life in USSR. Communism suggests that everybody is equal inrights and economically. That meant that everybody would be paid thesame for all kinds of jobs, so the janitor and doctor or lawyer wouldbe paid the same amount of money for totally different jobs. That isobviously unfair and impossible. Since everybody was supposed to beequal, no one in the government could have too much power, and that iswhy they made took people who were elected from each area and thesewere supposed to be the government. They were supposed to make thedecisions, elect all the other government officials and all the othervery important things. That made the ordinary man think that thegovernment is controlled by people just like him, with only high schooleducation (some even without it), poor, being in politics for the firsttime in their lives. That is impossible. Such people can run nogovernment. The most annoying thing is that almost no one noticed that,and if someone did, they were immediately terminated without anyquestions. There was a small group of people who controlled everythingin the country. It was mostly the KGB and the General Secretary. Justlook at the name they picked, it suggests that he not the most powerfulman in the country he is just a small general secretary. Thats all heis. How obviously stupid all this seems now. But at that time it wasalmost a religion, if one did not believe in it with all his/her hearthe/she were terminated or sent to concentration camp where they eitherdied or lived there for many years until all their doubts were beatenout of them. Jewish people were some of the people to who thegovernment was the most unfair. They couldnt get a good education,good job, anything good or well paid. There were only two ways thearmy (or navy) or some pitiful civilian job, like a janitor, or someother dirty job with a salary, with which you can barely buy something

Child Abuse Prevention Programs Essays -- Child Development

Introduction nestling contumely is a pervasive trouble in the United States, as well as other countries. Child maltreatment touches everyone, from the child to the sop up that cares for the child to the entire community. I extradite chosen to research this problem because of its far reaching effects on the community and its preventable nature. inquiry on cake Research on the prevention of child maltreatment focuses on home visitation programs, abusive head harm prevention programs, and parent training programs (Krugman, Lane, & Walsh, 2007). Mikton and Butchart (2009) also concluded that on that point are cardinal promising intervention, which include home visitation, parent procreation, abusive head detriment education, and programs that have multi-components. Krugman, Lane, and Walsh (2007) none that it has been hard to test the effectiveness of these programs because many programs have not integrated robust program evaluation or precise research methodology.Interest ingly, laws banning corporal penalization have been looked at as a prevention technique. Sweden was the first country to ban corporal penalization of child by any caregiver and research found that there was a reduction of infant mortality from child squall (Krugman, Lane, & Walsh, 2007). However, Roberts states that it was not the ban but the change in the attitude towards corporal punishment that caused the reduction in child abuse (as cited in Mikton & Butchart, 2009). Parent education programs, community child abuse prevention programs, abusive head trauma programs are all promising, however, they have not been studied well. It has been shown that these all diminution the risk factors for child abuse nonetheless, there is insufficient evidence that these programs ... ... do Professionals. Pediatrics, 127(4), 962-969.Hien, D., Cohen, L. R., Caldeira, N. A., Flom, P., & Wasserman, G. (2010). Depression and anger as risk factors underlying the relationship in the midst of mat ernal substance involvement and child abuse potential. Child offense and Neglect, 34, 105-113.Krugman, S. D., Lane, W. G., & Walsh, C. M. (2007). Update on child abuse prevention. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 19, 711-718.Leventhal, J. M., Martin, K. D., & Gaither, J. R. (2012). Using US Data to Estimate the Incidence of Serious animal(prenominal) Abuse in Children . Pediatrics, 129, 458-464.Mikton, C., & Butchart, A. (2009). Child maltreatment prevention a opinionated review or reviews. Bulletin of World Health Organization, 87, 353-361.Newton, A. W., & Vandeven, A. M. (2010). Child abuse and neglect a worldwide concern. Cerrent Opinion Pediatrics, 22, 226-233.