The Role of Computers in Family Life :: Technology Society

The Role of Computers in Family LifeIn this paper I will be explaining how computing devices play both a positive and negative role in the family life. Along with how much computers have changed the Family Life. I will explain how computers open the doors to endless access to the world. on the whole this freedom however comes with a price. One must realize that you will be losing security with every new site signed up for or every purchase made on-line. Not to mention all the other problems that come along with having a computer. You must be ready and aware of the risks so you can be prepared when you hook-up your computer.Right now you can practically do everything you need to do right from your own computer. There are so many tools to work with and things you are capable of doing. You can virtually talk to anyone anywhere at anytime if they have the proper hook-ups. This besides includes the newly on-line dating services that has pros and cons of its own. Another plus f or computers is instead of the children being glued to the TV for hours, they are now being fur-bearing on the computer. They are doing things that force their minds to keep thinking and not just zoning out. The introduction of computers to the family life also helps families come together and spend more(prenominal) quality family time together. The list can go on, but with all these opportunities we have, we also lose a lot. We lose privacy and security. There are also some greater drawbacks when in comes to the net, like Internet related crimes and identity theft. When you think of computers, what do you think about? Conducting business at work or writing assignments at school maybe. There is so much more to do with computers. I dont even know the half of them, but a computer at home can make things a whole lot calmer. First off, you can do all your bills on line. You can check on balances, or check when the payments were received. Also check your savings/checking ac counts. This is a great feature because you get away from talking to machines and being put on hold. No more driving out in the cold or in traffic to see if you have enough money to cover your checks.

Comparing the Epic of Gilgamesh, Holy Bible and Huck Finn :: comparison compare contrast essays

Gilgamesh is a True Epic The story of the great hero, Gilgamesh, fulfills the requirements of an epic. Gilgamesh is consistently relevant to society and it conveys timeless themes and messages.It is in man nature for batch to want to excel in life and strive to make a name in this world for themselves. We want to be remembered by name or for something we have done. Most, who actually succeed, are forgotten about in a matter of years. However, some are remembered for tens, hundreds, and even thousands of years, because of their great intellectual achievement to feats of big(p) skill. Gilgamesh is not only a character of a story he is actually a portrayal of people and how they act out of human nature. He, akin more of us, does not want his existence to end when he leaves this world. He is not content with what he has, good looks, money, and power, and desires more in life. The Epic of Gilgamesh is a story that we, as people, can relate to. There are similarities between Gilgamesh s journey and our own journey through life. Some of the texts that will be compared with The Epic of Gilgamesh, are the Bible, and Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The characters of these stories are all have that burning desire to be successful in life, which we can relate to. These texts span across different time periods and societies illustrating how human nature, particularly the desire to obtain more than one possesses, plays a significant role throughout written and present human history. It is in human nature to want to be recognized and receive what one think he or she may deserve. In the Bible, one of many themes is the quest for something greater than what the seeker currently has, in terms of stature or wealth. One of many examples is the theft of Esaus birthright by Jacob. In multiplication 25 27-34, Esau Sells His Rights as the First-Born Son, Jacob wanted more than his proper hereditary pattern, he wanted the rights as the first born son. His brothe r Esau was hungry and asked for some soup that Jacob was cooking. Jacob answered, I will give it to you if you give me your rights as the first-born son. Jacob could not be content with what he already had. He wanted a larger portion of the inheritance entitled to the one who is the first-born as well as the title.

Gifted and Talented Education Research Paper -- essays papers

happy and Talented Education Research Paper It is burning(prenominal) to understand the many different systems of educating capable and talented educatees. Most people, whether as teachers, students, or parents, will at some point be faced with the many options of educating the gifted and talented. In the United States today, 3-5 percent of students are considered gifted. Defining whether or not a student is gifted can be quite difficult, exclusively many would agree that gifted students are able to learn material rapidly and understand concepts deeply (Lynch, 1999). Within this paper I will treat the process of identifying gifted and talented students and the different methods of educating them including tracking, grade advancement, and cooperative learning. Of these three methods I believe the most effective method used to teach gifted and talented students is tracking.One of the most controversial things about gifted and talented education is the criterion educators us e to identify the gifted and talented. In the past, a students intelligence, based on an I.Q. score, was considered the best way to determine whether or not they qualified as gifted. As a result of using this method of identification, many gifted and talented students are not discovered nor are they placed in the appropriate programs to develop their abilities. Talents in the arts or an pure ability to write are not measured on an I.Q. test but are abilities that may certainly qualify a student as gifted or talented.This method of identification is accused of being biased because it results in the identification of a group of people that is mostly white and f number middle class (Sternberg & Williams, 2002). This occurs because minorities often lack the c... ...delines for Acceleration (n.d.). Retrieved March 10, 2003, from http//www.austega.com/gifted/acceleratoinguidelines.htmLovecky, D. V. (1995). Highly Gifted Children and Peer Relationships. Counseling and Guidance Newsl etter. Retrieved March 10, 2003, from http//print.ditd.org/floater=74.html.Mathews, M. (1992). Gifted Students Talk About Cooperative Learning. Educational Leadership, 50. Retrieved March 10, 2003, from http//www.ascd.org/readingroom/edlead/92101mathews.html.Author unkown (2003, March 9). In gifted classrooms is diversity lacking?. Salisbury Daily Times. Retrieved March 10, 2003, from http//www.dailytimesonline.com/ naked as a jaybird/stories/20030309/localnews/1142640.htmlAuthor unknown (2003, February 24). Schools seek gifted among minorities. The Washington Times. Retrieved March 10, 2003, from http//washingtontiems.com/metro/2003224-14635946.htm

Michelangelo Essay -- Biography Biographies

biography on michelangeloTrifles make perfections, and perfection is no trifle, Michelangelo once stated. He is one of the great artists of all time and is unmatched by any other. Michelangelo is the creator of works of sublime beauty that express the full breadth of human condition. Yet, he was caught amidst conflicting powers and whims of his patrons, the Medicis of Florence and Papacys in Rome. Michelangelo was born on the sixth of March in 1475, the second of five brothers in a weeny town called Caprese, in Tuscany. He always considered himself to be a Florentine, as did his father. Francesca Neri, his mother, was sick and frail. As a result, he stayed with a nurse in a family of stonecutters. It was there that Michelangelo decided he wanted to become an artist. When he turned thirteen, he agreed to apprentice in the workshop of Domenico Ghirlandaio. After one course of instruction of learning the art of fresco, he went on to study at the sculpture school at the Medici garde ns. They saw his talent and he was invited into the household of Lorenzo the Magnificent.During the years that he spent in the Garden of San Marco, Michelangelo began to study human anatomy. He would perform autopsies on the corpses and study the muscles and bones in order to perfect his sculptures. In deputize for permission to study corpses at a church that administered a hospital, the prior received a wooden crucifix from Michelangelo. His contact with the dead bodies caused some problems...

Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal Essay -- Literary Analysis

A satire uses irony or sarcasm to make a point. Many authors use satire to bring unions circumspection to political, social, or economic problems in a somewhat humorous way. Some authors even use satire in an attempt to counterbalance the religious practices of the society. Satire is an effective way to highlight problems because it is non-threatening but it grabs the attention of the reader. Jonathan Swift wrote his satirical essay A Modest Proposal to bring attention to the political, economic, and social problems of Ireland in 1729.For many years, England, and later the United Kingdom, controlled Ireland. This imperialism started when the Irish king lost part of his kingdom in 1169 and asked for help from the Normans, who were French-speaking people who thence controlled England. To thank the Normans for their help, the king of Ireland gave his daughter in marriage to Strongbow, the Norman king. Strongbow then became king over Ireland, and the English have controlled Ireland ev er since. It was not until the late fifthteenth and primordial sixteenth centuries that England started to exercise its full control over Ireland. In gaining control over the island, the English drove the Irish leaders from Ireland (Arthurton). During this time a service called plantation was introduced in Ireland. According to the journal Experience England, to plantation was when England took land and property from Catholic Irish landowners and gave them to English settlers who were Protestant. This forced the Irish men and women to nonplus tenant farmers for the British landowners, making barely enough money to feed their families (Arthurton). When England had a civil war in the 1640s the Irish Catholics took one side. On the otherwise side was the Protest... ....udel.edu/udireland/news/1_23_english_irish.htmChowdhury, Ahsan. Splenetic Ogres and Heroic Cannibals in Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal (1729). English Studies in Canada 34.2/3 (2008) 131-157. Academic Search Com plete. EBSCO. Web. 8 Mar. 2010.Lestringant, Frank. Travels in Eucharistia Formosa and Ireland from George Psalmaanazaar to Jonathan Swift. Trans. Noah Guynn. Yale French Studies 86(2010) 109-25Richardson, John. Swift, A Modest Proposal/em and Slavery. Essays in Criticism 51.4 (2001) 404. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 8 Mar. 2010.Swift, Jonathan. A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland From macrocosm a Burden to Their Parents or Country, and or Making Them Beneficial to the Public. The Norton Anthology. Eighth Edition. Ed. Greenblatt, Stephen. New York, NY W. W. Norton & Company, 2006. 1114-1119.

Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal Essay -- Literary Analysis

A satire commits irony or sarcasm to make a point. more authors use satire to bring societys attention to political, social, or economic problems in a somewhat humorous way. Some authors even use satire in an attempt to correct the religious practices of the society. Satire is an effective way to highlight problems because it is non-threatening but it grabs the attention of the reader. Jonathan Swift wrote his satirical essay A Modest end to bring attention to the political, economic, and social problems of Ireland in 1729.For many years, England, and later the United Kingdom, controlled Ireland. This imperialism started when the Irish king lost part of his kingdom in 1169 and asked for help from the Normans, who were French-speaking people who then controlled England. To thank the Normans for their help, the king of Ireland gave his daughter in marriage to Strongbow, the Norman king. Strongbow then became king over Ireland, and the position grant controlled Ireland ever since. It was not until the late fifthteenth and early sixteenth centuries that England started to exercise its full control over Ireland. In gaining control over the island, the English drove the Irish leaders from Ireland (Arthurton). During this time a process called plantation was introduced in Ireland. According to the journal Experience England, to plantation was when England took land and property from Catholic Irish landowners and gave them to English settlers who were Protestant. This forced the Irish men and women to become tenant farmers for the British landowners, making barely enough money to feed their families (Arthurton). When England had a civil war in the 1640s the Irish Catholics took one side. On the other side was the Protest... ....udel.edu/udireland/news/1_23_english_irish.htmChowdhury, Ahsan. Splenetic Ogres and Heroic Cannibals in Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal (1729). English Studies in Canada 34.2/3 (2008) 131-157. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 8 Mar . 2010.Lestringant, Frank. Travels in Eucharistia Formosa and Ireland from George Psalmaanazaar to Jonathan Swift. Trans. Noah Guynn. Yale French Studies 86(2010) 109-25Richardson, John. Swift, A Modest Proposal/em and Slavery. Essays in Criticism 51.4 (2001) 404. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 8 Mar. 2010.Swift, Jonathan. A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland From Being a Burden to Their Parents or Country, and or Making Them Beneficial to the Public. The Norton Anthology. Eighth Edition. Ed. Greenblatt, Stephen. New York, NY W. W. Norton & Company, 2006. 1114-1119.

The Unwanted

I am writing this letter because I insufficiency to recommend the book The Unwanted by Kien Nguyen to eleventh graders in high school school. The Unwanted is a work of nonfiction and it is about(predicate) the Vietnam War. This is the true story about Kiens childhood life after the communistic takeover Vietnam in 1975. In my opinion, struggle is cruel for bulk, and it causes many different social issues. The students in eleventh grade ar studying history, and history is a requirement subject in high school. The major theme in this book for 11th graders is the put together of war. Since teens need to study history at school, they only record from the book.However, they never imagine a war is al rooms related to our life. The reason for 11th graders to learn from war is discrimination. Discrimination happens in every country and discrimination still exists in our life, especially in the United States. The United States is a multi-ethnic country, and in that location be many different races people live in the same community. Discrimination not only happens during the war, but it is also happens in school. At school, teens ar studying with different races of classmates, and they have different cultures and backgrounds. So teens should learn how to get alone with each other.For example, Kien is a mix-raced and he is a good student whom his teachers are proud of his accomplishments. His teacher recommends him to be a leader in front of parade. He is very proud and it is a good challenge for him to do his best. He wants his fuck off to be proud of him too. However, his dean sterncels his qualification before the parade begins because of his mix-raced. His mother is ashamed about Kiens mix-raced and she is very worry about him. When the law go to check their family status after the fall of Saigon his mother worries about his identity.If the police know about Kiens identity, they might take him to jail. So his mother dyes his hair to make him looks same( p) a Vietnamese. To dye Kiens hair and hide his identity shows Kien is discriminated by social community. Although racial discrimination exists in our society, people take pride in mix-raced. Most people nowadays consider mix-raced kids as beautiful or handsome. However, mix-raced kids are discriminated during the Vietnam War their fates are terrible because the communist take over Vietnam and American inspection and repair their opposite side. Therefore, the communist consider American as enemies. So the discrimination nfluences teens 11th graders because they need to know more than about the social problem in the war. Also, teens should learn the racial discrimination from Kiens experience. It could al focal brains remind teens to get alone with others when they have discrimination at school or in community. Besides, learning more discrimination information also helps them to improve their historical knowledge. Another reason for me to recommend this book to 11th grader is appr eciation of Kiens hard life after the war. Now, our living standard is better than the life in war however, some families are still face up financial problem.Also, Kiens life is affected by Vietnam War which he must work hard to support his familys financial problem. Moreover, 11th graders can learn from Kiens experience, begin to live independently. So, this is a good chance for the teens to learn a lesson from Kiens experience. For example, Kien was living in a wealthy family, and he doesnt need to worry about his life. However, his life has changed after Vietnam War. He works hard to less his mothers burden. Sometimes he feels bemused because no one can help him everyone is worrying about their life at the same time.He finally learns how to take care of his family and earn money for his family. He is matured by his life and he acts like an adult. No matter how bad the living environment Kien has, he still accepts it. As teenagers, we should learn from Kiens life experience to apportion our difficulties. Also, this is the useful and helpful message for 11th grader they can learn a lesson from Kiens hard life and learn how to handle the difficulties if they have family financial problem. On the other hand, survival and hope are the most important factors in our life.Everyone has a hope when they live in the realism and works hard to find a living way. If people do not have a hope to survive, they might live like a person without soul. Also, some of people never give up when they lose their hope they try to find their hope to survive. But some teens do not think so, sometimes they feel hopeless when they are facing difficulties without any helps. In this book, Kien is hopeless just after the fall of Vietnam. He is too flyspeck to handle all of his difficulties in his life. Because he is the oldest son for his mother, he has to take all of the responsibilities.Kien never gives up when he is facing his difficulties. He tries his best to help his family out of Vietnam. His father is an American and he is looking for his father he needs his fathers help, and he wants his father takes him out of his misfortune. From his difficulties to a way out of Vietnam, it gives him a hope in his life. When 11th graders study many different wars around the world, some of them might feel people in the war are hopeless and helpless they dont want to accept their misfortune. It also helps teens to understand even the environment is terrible, they still can find their way to live.As a result, survival is very important in everyones life. I like this book very much after I finish it. I am so excited and nervous by Kiens life changes in this book. I really want to recommend this book to 11th graders who are interest in history and want to study history, because students in 11th grade begin to study history and it is the requirement subject in high school. So, this book can helps them to know more details of historical events in Vietnam War. From Kiens life , hope and discrimination in the war, they can get the different point of view in the book.Also, they will learn how Kien helps his family and handles his hardship in his life. Now, the teenagers dont understand the difficulties after the war, because they live under their parents protection. For some teens are mix-raced like Kien, they can compare the different situation about the discrimination with Kiens experience. Before, I had heard some histories from my parents about the Vietnam War and I had learned a little bit at school, and I dont know how people live during the war. Now, I can image how Kiens life in Vietnam and how hard he lives under the community society.

Comparing Disneys(r) Beauty & the Beast and Mulan

In my opinion, the role of Disney has inhabited unchanged for over a period of 30 years. Their main values still remain the same good triumphs over evil and everyone have sexs happily ever after. Beauty & the Beast, a classic, and Mulan, a contemporary, both share these values as well. I willing now compare the 2 animated feature films.Both the films have the same narrative structure. They follow the Todorovs theorem Equilibrium Disruption Journey Test New Equilibrium.* They both burst out off with an establishing shot of the heroines and introduces them through a musical score.In B & B (Beauty & the Beast), we see the establishing shot of Belles house + town and the camera zooms in to Belle. In Mulan, we see something similar. We see Mulan introduced by an establishing shot and hence the camera zooms in on her. She then introduces herself and her life/aspirations through a musical score.In Mulan, we also see that Mulan is introduced through the same way. However, we dont dir ectly start off with a song describing her but later on we do hear a song brewed after her visit to the matchmaker.* Both the heroines are very bright as a new penny(predicate), intelligent and brave. They are also unconventional and dont conform to societies view of a woman.In B & B, we see Belle, during the opening song/introduction, reading a book and then makes her way to the library. Through her conversation with the librarian we learn that shes re wholey keen on reading and this is the completely way she gets in touch with the person that she wants to be. So the librarian gives her this book as a present.Its my favorite Far-off places, daring mark fights, magic spells, a prince in disguise Oh, thank you very muchAlso, during the introduction song, we hear the villagers views on Belle and her lifestyle. We hear the fat woman saying near how beautiful Belle is and that shes very bright also. But shes wasting her life on books and she should get married rather. We then see 3 village girls pumping water erupt of a water-pump. As we can see, they all look the same they all have blonde hair and blue eyes. Typical. This is purposely set to show Belle in contrast to the normal girls, hence, proving my point.In Mulan, we see her running through a list of characteristics. Her receive is also praying to his ancestors to help her relegate a husband and deal honour to the house. This establishes her uniqueness from the other girls as well. Later on when she goes to the matchmaker, she hides the characteristics in order so that the matchmaker wouldnt see it. This also shows that she doesnt conform with the women of her time and is more than manlike.Later on in the film, we see where the Huns are charging at Shang Li and his band of soldiers, which includes Mulan. We see a pan-shot of the Huns charging down the mountain. Shang Li and his men have only one rocket. We see him, Shang Li, then trying to fire the rocket into the Hun army whilst saying, well take o ut as many as we can. This is a veritable(prenominal) Chinese soldier.Mulan snatches the rocket away and runs away from the men. She then fires the rocket at the peak of another mountain, which is to the right of the unsuspecting, charging Huns. This causes and avalanche and buries the Huns under a thick mantelpiece of snow. However, the leader of the Huns reaches Mulan and slashes her with his sword before also being buried in the snow. This scene shows that shes brave and also intelligent. She uses her brain to cause the Huns more damage then Shang Li would, with his version of fight till death.* Both the heroines are prepared to sacrifice their lives for their father and, indeed, do.In B & B, when Belles father is locked up in the beasts castle, she goes out venturing to find him. She tells the horse to revisit its footsteps and take her to the place where her father is. In due time, she enters the dark, scary castle. She finds her way to the dungeon, in a great co-incidence, s he finds her father locked in. Also, at that moment, the beast reveals himself. (This also proves my previous point that shes brave because she didnt run away or sth like that).Anyway, she interacts with the beast and posits him why did he cast out her father and to let him go cause hes sick. The beast refuses and tells her that hes his prisoner and will do as he pleases. She then offers him herself in lieu of her fathers freedom and skilful return back home. The beast accepts.The same is the case in Mulan. She sacrifices herself when the emperors messenger declares that a man from each house should join the army to defend against the Huns.* exclusively of the males in both films are portrayed in a negative image.In B & B, we see Gaston in the beginning musical score/introduction, introduced as imperative and self-centered. We first see him as he shoots down a goose, which was regarded to be very manly in those days, and start to song about him and Belle. He says that shes the only one fit to follow for him as she is the only parallel to his beauty and that shes very lucky that hes selected her. Hes a stereotypical hero massive build, handsome, arrogant and fancied by all the girls in town. Hes a parody of the heroes out there.But further on in the film, when Belle refuses to marry him, he vows to make her marry him through any means. This evil statement is also supported through the music.Also, after Belle shows the mirror to the townspeople to prove that her father is telling the truth, he uses his preplanned synopsis to try and force Belle for the last time to marry him or hell make the hospital take his father away to the mental institute.In Mulan, we see Shang Li portrayed as a hero as well brave and fearless, a good leader, wise and captain of his military squad. But, he isnt as bright as Mulan is, as I have explained above in my 2nd point.Also, we see the other 3 men that Mulan hangs around with. Theyre dirty, sweaty and ill mannered.* Both the he roines find the their man in the end of the film, the best man.In B& B, we see Belle in the end with the former beast who has now turned back into the prince he was with all his wealth and splendor. She gets him rather than the Gaston, who is also handsome and praised by everyone in the village.In Mulan, at the end of the film we see Shang Li approach Mulans father, supposedly, to ask her hand because we hear the emperor commenting to him about the once in a lifetime opportunity he has at hand, which chiefly means marry her.Also, they live happily ever after.In B & B, we see the Belle and the prince dancing in a ballroom, smiling and kissing. Also, the close-ups underline this. Mrs. Pots sings a romantic song, which also reflects the atmosphere.In Mulan, Mulan is reunited with her family and all is forgiven. Shang Li also comes into the scene, to marry her supposedly. Then the camera zooms out and reveals the picturesque scenery implying the happy atmosphere also.Similar beginnings and endings.Both Mulan and B & B start off with a similar equilibrium, then along comes a disruption and causes a change in their lives, because they go on a journey of self-discovery.Ends in happily ever after mode. (REF Todorovs Theorem)

Muslim leaders in south Asia Essay

Muslim attractions in south Asia and northern Africa both(prenominal) had many issues and difficulties when it came to defining their nationalism as an empire. Both southern Asia and Northern Africa struggled politically, teaching methodally, and religiously to define their nationalism.Both Northern Africa and Southern Asia struggled to define their empires nationalism because of political issues. (4,6). A Muslim Egyptian nationalist is speaking about how the east will never see eye to eye with the west. The Nationalist is saying how Egypt toilette never create nationalism if his country is at civil war, and cannot see eye to eye and agree on things. (4.) This personal bias is an issue because it is sole(prenominal) giving an opinion of an eastern African citizen. A western African citizen could be feeling a complete opposite way about politics. This matters because a western African could have a solution to see eye to eye about politics, and completely fix the problem. It would help to see a written document showing the opinion of a western African citizen saying how he feels about the east and the west agreeing on politics.Education was a big agent in South Asia and Southern Africa. (3,1). An educator of an oriental college is saying how people would rather chose to save and adopt Islam then to take in the new British education system. This creates nationalism in a way that Islam is looking for new education that will be better, and more innovative then the eastern education systems such as Great Britain. (1). People are more focused on religious ideologies then the actual educational facts that are shown that says an iaindian Muslim attractor who was imprisoned several times for political activism. It defines nationalism by the actual facts instead of faith and religion. (3) I would like to see nationalism in the eyeball of someone who is not Muslim or religious to see if they feel the same way about the western education systems.Southern Asia and No rthern Africa both used religion and Islamic ideologiesand culture to create and define nationalism. (2,5) The Egyptians wanted to focus on their mother land to be their qibla, which marks the direction of mecca, to which a Muslim turns to pray. Egyptians wanted to focus on patriotism and suppress other ties. Religion helped them to do that. (2.) Ahmad lutfi is the founder of the Egyptian people. This is personal bias because he is the leader and thinks what he wants, and wants his people to d the same thing that he thinks. This creates nationalism because everyone is associating with the same thing within their country. (5) Nationalists want to push their ideology onto the people, this is personal bias. It would be beneficial to see an additional document of a political leader instead of just having one from a religious leader.

English †Book Report: The Green Mile Essay

I origin each(prenominal)y read this mass when it was world-class published as a complete volume in 1998 and it has been my favourite book ever since. I have never read another book that has evoked much(prenominal) emotion, and I have been known to have trouble seeing a few of the pages through my tears.At first glance it is a long book (453 pages), with a rather imposing picture of Old Sparky, the electric car chair, on the search cover. As you read the blurb on the back it manages to f menacing you with questions about the characters and a taste for more. Like most of Stephen poofs books, The Green Mile is widely considered to be in the horror genre. But personally I dont think that quite does the book rightness and certainly isnt what I would consider to be classic horror. There are no monsters or zombies, and although at that place are serial killers and last it is all in context, Death row at Cold Mountain Penitentiary, Southern USA, in the 1930s. The first edition con sisted of six thin, low-priced paperbacks, published a calendar month apart in 1996.The story is told form the perspective of Paul Edgecombe, boss guard on E Block of the penitentiary. Paul is now retired, living in a nursing home, trying to get rid of most of the ghosts from his past by writing a retrospective account of his time working on end row. He has a friend at the nursing home, a fellow resident named Elaine Connelly, who he likes to share his time and thoughts with. Paul comes across as a wise and gentle man who is very sensitive to others feelings.Other than Paul there are five guards that work on E block. Brutus Howell is adjacent in command to Paul, a tall and well built but gentle man, who is not violent unless absolutely necessary. His nickname is, ironically, Brutal. Then there is Dean Stanton, Harry Terwilliger and Bill Dodge, who are floaters and not permanent staff. Lastly is Percy Wetmore. Percy is the nephew of a state warden and the other guards have to be civil to him despite their scorn of him, and Percy knows he is pretty much untouchable and uses it to his advantage. He is young, arrogant and extremely sadistic guard who enjoys goading and tormenting the prisoners when he can he shouts things like beat(p) man walking when moving prisoners.The book revolves around John Coffey, a black man of formidable size who is convicted of raping and killing two small albumin girls. He is very quiet and keeps to himself. He cries an awful lot, and is even afraid of the dark do you leave a light on after shaft time is the first thing he asks when he arrives on E Block. Coffey appears to be of very low intelligence and is the calmest and mildest prisoner the guards have ever seen. in spite of this he is imprisoned for allegedly luring the girls away from their home, killing the family guard dog in the process and then committing a very violent and depraved treble rape and murder.Other than John Coffey, there are five other prisoners on t he cell block over the duration of the book focuses on Arlen Bitterbuck, nicknamed The head word because of his Cherokee heritage, convicted of killing a man in a drunken fight Arthur Flanders, nicknamed The Pres, an insurance executive who killed his father William Wharton, nicknamed incorrect Bill by the guards and Billy the tike by himself, an extremely dangerous and unpredictable trouble-maker due to be executed for multiple murders he committed during a robbery and Eduard Delacroix, a Cajun who is on death row for arson and the murder of seven people. Despite his crimes he is very meek and cowardly which makes him a target for Percys abuse.While on death row Delacroix befriends a very intelligent mouse with a penchant for peppermint sweets and names him Mr Jingles. Delacroix teaches the mouse to do tricks and he appears to follow his commands. At first the guards try to kill him, but then everyone becomes rather fond of Mr Jingles. Mr. Jingles shows the loneliness that the m en feel on the Mile. They are even willing to take in a mouse. Only Percy still holds a grudge against the mouse, and one day he steps on it. after(prenominal) Percy steps on Mr. Jingles, Coffey uses his powers to save him. After Delacroix is executed, John takes care of the mouse, and a little of his power transfers into it.The other characters are Hal Moores, The Warden at Cold Mountain Penitentiary and his wife Melinda who is dying of a brainpower tumor and Jan Edgecombe, Pauls Wife. The name of book comes from the nickname given by the guards to the corridor with a green linoleum floor that leads from the cells where the prisoners live to the execution board beyond Pauls office.Paul finds out Percy is prepared to leave Cold Mountain once he has had the chance to be out front and play a key role in an execution. Seeing the bigger picture Paul goes against his instinct and agrees he can be in quiver of Delacroixs execution, with horrendous consequences. Delacroix has several r un-ins with Percy and in return, Percy deliberately sabotages Delacroixs execution by not wetting the sponge on the mans head before the execution begins, and as a result the electric causes the dry sponge and his head to catch fire leading to a very depressed death.Paul comes to learn of Coffeys extraordinary healing abilities when one quiet evening he asks him down to his cell. Paul goes against everything he knows and goes into Coffeys cell. Coffey touches Paul and in the process heals his urine infection, letting out from his mouth what looks like a cloud of gnats. When asked to explain what he had done could only say that he knew he had helped it. After this and the resurrection of Mr Jingles Paul begins to believe Coffey is innocent of his crimes and was in fact trying to save the little girls he has been accused of murdering. Wanting to help the terminally ill wife of his friend Warden Moores, and with the help of the other guards they drug Wild Bill lock Percy into the padd ed restraint room, before smuggling Coffey out of the prison target and take him to heal Melindas deadly brain tumor using his magical powers.As John Coffey is being smuggled out of E Block, Wild Bill grabs his arm and Coffey senses that Wharton is the true killer of the two girls, the crime for which Coffey has been falsely convicted and sent to death row. When they return to E block, Coffey grabs Percy through the bars of his cell and presses their mouths together. Coffey gives Percy the like sickness he drew from the wardens wife. Whilst in a trance like state Percy shoots Wild Bill six times, killing him. After which Percy fall into a comatose state in which he will stay for the rest of his life. Percy ends up as a patient at the very resort to which he promised Paul he would transfer after Delacroixs execution.Despite Coffeys innocence and incredible ability, he is still executed, partly because of the very racial attitudes of 1930s southern USA. The story then returns to the present, where it is revealed that those healed by Coffey gain an unnatural lifespan. Mr Jingles is revealed as being still alive though he dies at the nursing home. Paul is now 108 and dreads to think how long he himself has left to live, especially after the death of his friend Elaine. As he puts it at the very end, We each owe a death, there are no exceptions, I know that, but sometimes, oh God, the Green mile is so long.Throughout the story, Stephen Kings magical use of description brings the story to life and helps to build up a strong rapport with the characters. The flitting from Pauls time at the penitentiary back to his time in the nursing home adds depth and gives Paul the opportunity to reflect, which I feel is an important part of the story. Although the book deals with some dramatic and very violent ideas, it does so in a very prosy way. I think this is mostly down to Pauls matter-of-fact personality, for example when they are doing a practice execution for Arlen B itterbuck using another man Paul comments on how an inmates leg is usually shave to aid the flow of current and mentions Indians have very little body hair as a rule, but we would take no chances.I would certainly recommend this book to anyone who likes fantasy books or just fancies a bit of a darker read, from young adult upwards. The book explores the realm of the supernatural and opens the possibility that such forces may exist in our world it certainly gives the imagination a workout. I always have problems putting it down but then by chance I am a little biased being a hardened fan already.

Advertising on a Global Scale Essay

When a comp whatever, brand, or product is marketed within several countries, a significantly different approach to advertise must(prenominal) be make opposed to if it was only being sold within ace country. A companys awareness of the international advertising can greatly act how well a product is accepted by its target audience and how well it sells. The most important aspect of global advertising is an understanding of refinement. This involves considering the talking to barriers, the ethnic significance of images and signs, and the applicability that a certain product may apply within different countries.Addressing these three chemical elements, overall, can help to increase the bring up of a product or service and it is essential that companies realize that implementing a standardized method of advertising is not al behaviors the most effective way to enter a foreign market. There have been several debates in regards to the regulation of global advertising. Two contra sting statements have been madeone that suggests that advertising normalization is the most profitable approach to international marketing, and an new(prenominal) that promotes localization.Those who support the standardization method argue that standardizing advertising can help maintain a uniform global strategy and image of the firm, maximize the firms cost advantage and meet a universal need of people crossways the world (Zou and Volz 2010 57). The adaption method, however, stresses that differences and barriers between cultures, spoken linguistic processs, historical contexts, and socio-economic factors between various countries affects the way in which advertising messages are perceive and translated.It is therefore does not make signified to implement only one form of advertisement that is meant to span a variety of countries and cultures, beca social occasion one single constrict cannot consecrate and appeal to every market worldwide. Perhaps the arguments in favor of standardizing international campaigns, particularly the language that is being spendd, stems from the fact that English has become the dominant language in the world.The majority of advertisers and other people who work in the global marketing fabrication let loose English, regardless of what is their country of origin and it appears as if many advertisers are beginning to apply this theory to the consumers. Despite the widespread use of English and the fact that is the most commonly used language in advertising worldwide, the concept of advertising standardization has been widely criticized in favor of adaptation. It is somewhat hasty to assume, after all, that all people worldwide are fluent in English, simply because most of those workings in the business sector happen to speak the language.What close those in smaller towns or non- westward countries such as Cairo, Egypt? Egyptians who work in the tourist or hospitality industry are likely to speak English, but many of the av erage citizenswho are all potential consumerswill not necessarily speak English or be able to understand the writing. Studies have also shown that the use of a local language tends to appeal more to those who live in the area, especially within countries that perceive their spoken and written language to be a valuable part of their culture.Hornikx, wagon train Meurs, and De Boer write that ads that appeal to important cultural values (such as independence in the United States or loyalty in Mexico) should be more persuasive than ads that appeal to relatively unimportant cultural values (such as loyalty in the United States or independence in Mexico) (2010 171). Empirical studies have also proven that ads using the local language and cultural values of a country tend to be promote as opposed to those with a standardized language and advertising message (Hornikx, Van Meurs, and De Boer 2010 171).Although it is clear that language adaption is important, the p fixence that locals have for their language does not imply that advertisers should not use English in foreign countries. They simply need to use English in a way that is effective in conveying the message behind a campaign, and have an understanding of how the English language is perceived in each particular market they are trying to enter. Among Chinese consumers who frequently get upscale or luxury goods, global advertising, brands, and products tend to be preferred over domestic good.This is because in Chinese culture, in particular, global advertising elements are valued as signs or surrogates for status, cosmopolitanism, excitement, modernity, quality, technology, and beauty (Zou and Belk 2004 71). If advertisers are passage to use English, however, it is crucial that they simplify the language as much as possible in order to minimize the risk of misinterpretation. There is no foretell in using a standardized advertising campaign in China if nobody is going to understand what it says.In the Netherl ands, the use of English slogans in advertising was also preferred to Dutch, so long as the slogans were easy to read and translate (Louhiala-Salminen and Rogerson-Revell 2010 95). This shows how the use of English, in many countries, could actually be honest and profitable for a company but since not all countries perceive English the same way, it is important for advertisers to understand how and English campaign will be accepted within their target market.English will not necessarily be preferred to the local language, nor will global brands necessarily be favored over domestic products which proves that language adaptation should still be used in some situations as opposed to absolute language standardization. Along with decision making whether or not the local language should be used in an international advertising campaign, companies need to consider the visuals that they are using. What is the significance of the images within that culture?Could they possibly be negatively misinterpreted? What do the local consumers consider to be visually appealing? All of these factors, of course, differ between countries and cultures. Studies have shown that there is a significant difference between the way in which high-context cultures and low-context cultures interpret ads. These high-context cultures include China, Japan, the Mediterranean, and Arab nations, where a lot of information is left unspoken and messages are often coded.Low-context cultures, however, refer to the United States, Germany, the UK, and other Western European countries. In these countries, everything is relatively straight-forward and messages are made clear (An 2007 307). An describes the findings from many studies, which all imply that the idea of employing advertising visuals that gleam the communication styles of a particular national market appears to be a promising strategy to effectively reach consumers around the world (2007 303).This suggests that multinational advertisers should look for to differentiate their visuals between Eastern and Western cultures if they wish to make a product or service appeal to the people. In the United States, for example, celebritiesfrom singers, to socialites, to athletesdominate clip pages, commercials, and hoardings as the spokes models for various brands. This tends to attract the attention of the American public, as they recognize the celebrities and typically create a positive association between that celebrity and the product.In the Middle East, however, using a celebrity athlete to represent a box of cereal will not make that cereal appear any more appealing than if the box were blank. Advertisers, instead, must determine what will be visually pleasing to consumers in countries that have different values than those from more Western countries. In addition to finding what a will attract people in price of advertising visuals, it is essential to be and respectful of cultural beliefs and customs. reckon countries in the Middle East, where Islam is a dominant part of society.This religion stresses modesty, especially amongst women. Kalliny et al describe how in countries such as Saudi Arabia, women are not allowed to walk in the streets with their faces uncovered and there are women wearing long clothing in 83 part of Arabic magazine advertisements showing women, compared to the 29 percent in U. S. advertisements (2008 218). With female modesty being so important within certain cultures, it is extremely important that multinational advertisers be cautious about whether their visuals will be appropriate.It would not be a good choice, for example, for an advertiser to market a brand of womens perfume in Saudi Arabia with an enormous billboard showing Britney Spears wearing a bikini and holding a bottle of perfume. This would be considered offensive and would not be beneficial for the popularity of a product. The Japanese cosmetics industry also presents an interesting example of the importance of visual marketing and how advertisers need to pay attention to what will efficiently sell a product. As the spot largest market in the world in terms of cosmetics, it was estimated to be worth roughly 1. trillion yen back in 2003 (Barnes and Yamamoto 2008 299).Research regarding what type of models Japanese women prefer in beauty campaigns indicated a surprising fact. Although white models are widely used in Japan, because they are considered to be the ideal form of beauty, Japanese women actually preferred to buy cosmetics that used Japanese models in the advertisements. Barnes and Yamamoto discuss how this is due to white models not being applicable to Japanese women in terms of physical beauty. The Japanese, for example, value fair complexions, while Westerners typically prefer tans.Additionally, since the Japanese facial structure is different from that of Westerners, they will not become similar in appearance if they use the same make-up as a Western model (2008 310). This pro ves how a choice of visual representation in an advertising campaign can greatly affect how a product is accepted within different countries, and how advertisers must adjust their images or models accordingly. As research within the Japanese beauty industry has shown, applicability is crucial in global advertising. If a product or service has no value, necessity, or appeal in a certain country, hen consumers will not purchase the product.An advertisements message and content, therefore, is important and can determine how much interest is generated amongst consumers. In one particular study involving 40 different advertising campaigns and 1200 consumers, the significance of content was examined. Van Den Putte states that the study indicates that after controlling for the effect of previous purchase behavior, the effect of message content strategy is generally larger than the effect of advertising expenditure (2009 669).This shows how it is not necessarily a campaigns reckon that det ermines the success of a product, but the message and content that it contains. Alcohol advertisements have been successful in tailoring their ads to suit the requirements of different countries and cultures. One example is the resemblance of alcohol advertisements between the United Kingdom and Ukraine. Beefeater Dry Gin, a spirit brand that often appears in GQ magazine, markets their gin in Britain quite minimally. Their ad consists of a lime splashing into a bottle of gin, with the splash pattern forming the British flag.The slogan simply reads Refreshingly London, with one more broth that says Distilled in London since 1820 (Wolburg and Venger 2009 15). That is all that is needed in order for British consumers to understand the product and find some sort of value in the liquor. In Ukraine, however, alcohol companies have to take a much different approach. Wolburg and Venger state that, because drinking has not been instilled as a cultural norm in Ukrainian society, marketers h ave had to educate Ukrainians about drinking various alcoholic beverages.Ads, magazine articles, and Web sites must not only teach Ukrainians how these drinks are prepared and consumed they must also explain what makes certain brands authentic (2009 15). This involves the importance of cultural applicabilityif alcohol advertisers do not understand the need to educate certain consumer markets about their product in detail, then consumers will not see a need for the product altogether. McDonalds has been one of the most successful companies in terms of ingress their fast- nourishment chains globally and adjusting their products and advertising campaigns to appeal to local consumers.In India, for example, many of the people do not eat beef so to increase its appeal, McDonalds in India sells a lamb burger as part of its menu, and markets its fish fillet sandwich much more than it does in the United States. It also utilizes many small, local farmers and food suppliers in order to make t he company seem more localized and appealing to the Indian consumer base (Sarin and Barrows 2005 23). The original, American version of McDonalds would most likely have been unsuccessful in countries such as India if the company had not made some adjustments.If McDonalds in Indian maintained the same American menu, then the Indian public would undoubtedly not have been as accepting of the brand and its products. Not only was the company culturally sensitive to the dietary restrictions that many Indian people have due to religious meanings, but it also used local suppliers as an acculturation strategy. With a menu that conforms to the eating habits of India, along with the use of their own famers and suppliers, McDonalds has become well-adjusted to the global community and has effectively made itself applicable to a wide variety of cultures and consumers.Culture is the most important factor in any advertising campaign, regardless of its origin. Advertisers cannot simply use one campa ign and expect it to be accepted, appealing, and applicable to every country. Standardization also forfeits the rivalrous edge that one brand may have over another if it is able to successfully integrate its product into a foreign market. Paying attention to the language, visuals, and significance of a product is essential in global advertising, and advertisers must alter their campaign in order to better suit the tastes and values of person cultures.

Arts1301 – Evidence and Methodology in Darwin’s Origin of the Species

Critically assess the roles of point and methodology in Darwins argument for indispensable selection in Chapter 4 of the inception of Species. Darwins argument for natural selection in Chapter Four of The Origin of Species is well-founded and convincing, due to the interweaving of both yard and the methodology, which is of particular importance since this is the constituent upon which he represents his research data (evidence) and phase angles the basis of his argument.His theory is distinct from the others in the period, although similar ideas such as transmutation and extinction of species had been circulating while he fashioned his theory (and he does modify and incorporates some of these theories), Darwins uniqueness is promising a result of his deviating, attractive call of writing which provides a detailed, wide-ranging complete package explanation of his theory founded upon common undisputable details, whereas many previously proposed theories lacked evidence and less prominent arguments or methods of communication, therefore subject to criticism and sparking debate with the public and religious conservatives.In regards to the methodology Darwin employs, the hypotheses and concepts he forms for his argument be launch from observations made by other experts, as well as thought experiments and also his own experiments to test his predictions, justifying his conclusions both through an inductive and deductive method using secondary and primary sources of evidence. passim the chapter (Chapter 4 Natural Selection or survival of the volleytest), Darwin mainly relies on the observations of other experts in the field, such examples from the Sexual Selection subchapter, in which the observations of Sir R. Heron on the female peacocks attraction of male counterparts and M.Fabre observing true insects that have been seen to fight for a particular female, (who) then retires with the conqueror 1 swears his argument/ supposition (the victor or the best adapted in terms of attracting or fighting through natural selection, is always allowed to breed 2 in this particular section, assert Thus it is, as I believe, , have been mainly caused by sexual selection 3, demonstrating his inductive methods to back his hypothesis. Furthermore, the evidence he draws from expert sources also support his argument and their status within the scientific community assists in persuading readers. Additionally, the observations which Darwin uses are relatively ordinary and commonplace, for example the aforementioned sexual selection example, to both the amateurs in the field, that is, the general public (E. g. he lower class farmers and breeders) as well as the respective professionals thus allowing both parties in the audience to understand and come along his argument further. Note that the usual means of providing evidence was through the Scientific Method, in use 200 years before Darwin, validates the hypothesis by design a suitable experiment for testing, a deductive approach, so Darwins slightly aberrant inductive approach was to rationalise the empirical data to fit his argument. The prominence and influence of his inductive methodology are emphasised in his observations while visiting the Galapagos Islands, in particular of a collection of finches which was in fact a closely related group of distinct species, all similar withdraw for their bills 4.On examining the disparate use of the beak and food sources, Darwin asserts that natural selection had wrought one species has been taken and modified for different ends5 and the inductive process in which arrives at his hypothesis is recurrent and persists in many (modern) secondary sources* describing Darwins theory. away from pure inductive reasoning from the observations of other experts, Darwin also justifies a number of his conclusions utilising deductive methods, a more conformed scientific-method approach where hypotheses are tested, somewhat a vacate of inductive me thods, consequently resulting in a very thorough examination of his hypotheses which are supported by a cycle in which of inductive evidence supporting his postulate which in turn is backed by deductive evidence. As B.Runnegar advocates, Natural selection, amazingly was simply developed from fabricated evidence 8, Darwin does so take various accounts of fabricated evidence, that is, his thought experiments, in his argument, which display both inductive and deductive reasoning. One instance of this is seen in the observation of insects pursuit plant nectar 9. Darwin through research and observation proposes hypothetically (induction) that plants which excreted the most nectar, would most often be visited by insects transporting the pollen, and most likely cross to acquaint rise to various seedlings thus having the best chance of surviving. He then deductively proceeds to test his hypothesis by examining ale and female holly-trees, showing even in unfavourable weather conditions, f emale flowers rendered highly attractive by bees had been fertilised, before returning to a hypothetical, imaginary case where with different environmental conditions some species of bees whitethorn have adapted to collecting pollen, seen having a differently constructed proboscis 10 from certain types of flowers in the country. The inductive and deductive methods involved in demonstrating the separation of sexes, supports this single philosophy of natural selection 11 through detailed evidence and precise illustrations and explanations. Furthermore, thought experiments analogous to the aforementioned example in the previous paragraph, are influential in his argument as they build upon prior accepted theories and theory loaded facts, allowing a deductive argument from the grounds that the assertions cannot be false, removing doubt and scepticism associated with certain hypotheses.In the subchapter Extinction caused by natural selection leading onto the next subchapter The probable effects of the action of natural selection through divergence of character and extinction, on descendants of a common ancestor, Darwin alludes to the commonly accepted fact that extinction did occur, and provides a meticulous hypothesis on how extinction transpires with the aid of a diagram displaying the divergence of a particular species with each successive generation while in a previous subchapter, he suggests that mans maudlin selection in breeding is comparable to natural selection rhetorically asserting No one objects to agriculturists speaking of the potent effects of mans selection 12, and supposes in a hypothetical thought experiment that men in different nations bred for speedyer and stronger/bulkier horses, thus creating two sub-breeds, and over era horses neither swift nor strong, thus not used for breeding, would tend to disappear. By means of the diagram, he portrays the divergence of a certain species, a horse in this case, over time branching out to multiple desc ent species (in the case of horses, swifter/stronger characteristics) meanwhile showing another branch leading to the extinction of the less desired characteristics (slower, smaller horses for example). Hence, Darwin integrates an established theory into his hypothesis, which strengthens his argument into a presumably well founded, structured, persuasive argument since theories or facts with prior commitments will have an implicit authority when the hypothesis is judged.Darwins theory of natural selection, like any other theory was subject to criticisms and tests to assess the plausibility of his hypotheses though he addresses, modifies and explains aspects of his hypothesis to produce a firm, broad argument. With regards to the Scientific Method, Howard E. Gruber, in his book Darwin on Man, sets out to argue that Darwin by 1838 had already deduced a hypothesis from the observations of previous years except that his hypothesis was wrong. Thus, Darwin kept following a self-correcti ve path, tweaking ideas or throwing them out entirely 13, hence portrays the significance of the methodology where a hypothesis is corrected until deemed satisfactory and corresponds with the evidence.There are many instances of Darwin addressing criticisms from other experts, (although these are in later editions of his book), one such example where Mr H. C. Watson thinks I have overrated the importance of divergence of character convergence has likely played a part 14 to which he responds It would in most cases, be extremely rash to attribute convergence a close and general parity of structure The shape of a crystal is determined solely by the molecular forces, and it is not surprising that dissimilar substances should sometimes assume the same form using a deductive example, thus counteracting scepticism from experts in the field, consequently further supporting his various hypotheses in his argument for natural selection.Additionally, Darwins might to account for possible ob jections to his hypothesis, evident in the On the degree to which organisation tends to advance subchapter in which he conflicts with Lamarcks belief that nature tended to absolute apotheosis in organic beings, questioning how is it that a multitude of the lowest forms still exist Why have not the more highly developed forms kill off the lower? 15 and postulates that natural selection does not necessarily include progressive development takes advantage of variations beneficial to each creature 16, thus his remarks positively motley how the audience would judge and interpret the outcome of the hypothesis by backing his assertions with extensive evidence.Darwin knew if he was to avoid the ridicule experienced by the writers of previous evolutionary tracts, he needed to put forward a rigorously tested theory 17, and the all-encompassing research and evidence together with a range of dainty methodological approaches allows the presentation of a well-founded argument that alte rs the thinking of the public in Darwins time, due to Such confidence in his own ideas, use of large numbers of familiar examples, and presentation of theory in opposition to an alternative, made many a convert in his day, and is still as fibrous today. 18 References 1,2, 3 Darwin, C. D. , 1859. The Origin of Species. 5th ed. United Kingdom tail end Murray. Sexual Selection subchapter. 4, 5 Evidence for growth (Page 5). 2011. Evidence for Evolution (Page 5). ONLINE Available at http//txtwriter. com/backgrounders/evolution/EVpage05. html. Accessed 30 September 2011. 6 Darwins Finches & Natural Selection Biology Online. 2011. Darwins Finches & Natural Selection Biology Online. ONLINE Available at http//www. biology-online. org/2/11_natural_selection. htm. Accessed 03 October 2011. 7 Darwins Finches, Decent with limiting and Natural Selection. 2011. Darwins Finches, Decent with Modification and Natural Selection. ONLINE Available athttp//www. fossilmuseum. et/Evolution/Darwins Finches. htm. Accessed 03 October 2011. 8 Natural Selection, Then and Now. 2011. Natural Selection, Then and Now. ONLINE Article. Available at http//www. darwinthenandnow. com/2011/02/natural-selection-then-and-now/more-2551. . Accessed 01 October 2011. 9,10, 11, 12 Darwin, C. D. , 1859. The Origin of Species. 5th ed. United Kingdom John Murray. Natural Selection subchapter. Accessed 01 October 2011. 13 . Darwins Methodology. Darwins Method Induction, Deduction, or Synthesis? , 1, 10 pages. Accessed 01 October 2011. 14 Darwin, C. D. , 1859. The Origin of Species. 5th ed. United Kingdom John Murray. Convergence of Character subchapter. Accessed 01 October 2011. 15, 16 Darwin, C. D. , 1859. The Origin of Species. 5th ed. United Kingdom John Murray. Divergence of Character subchapter. Accessed 01 October 2011. 17, 18 Science and Politics . 2011. Science and Politics . ONLINE Available athttp//sciencepolitics. blogspot. com/2004/12/wwdd-i-darwinian-method. html. Accessed 02 Oc tober 2011. Bibliography Early Theories of Evolution Darwin and Natural Selection. 2011. Early Theories of Evolution Darwin and Natural Selection. ONLINE Available athttp//anthro. palomar. edu/evolve/evolve_2. htm. Accessed 29 September 2011.Natural Selection Charles Darwin & Alfred Russel Wallace. 2011. Natural Selection Charles Darwin & Alfred Russel Wallace. ONLINE Available athttp//evolution. berkeley. edu/evolibrary/ bind/history_14. Accessed 29 September 2011. Inductive and deductive reasoning. 2011. Inductive and deductive reasoning. ONLINE Available at http//www. molwick. com/en/scientific-methods/024-reasoning. html. Accessed 30 September 2011. Sir Karl Popper Science as Falsification, 1963. 2011. Sir Karl Popper Science as Falsification, 1963. ONLINE Available athttp//www. stephenjaygould. org/ctrl/popper_falsification. html. Accessed 01 October 2011.

Emma and Clueless- Text and Context

Ideas ab discover the human condition squeeze out transcend duration and expressed through different place settings while reflecting societys changing values. Emma, written by Jane Austen reaffirms and challenges the conservative society of 19th century England, where deterrent example emergence is a result of austere companionable etiquettes and unfaltering programme structure. However, Heckerling has taken similar ideas that speak powerfully about human nature to the different context of 20th century America, within the world of Clueless where a much fluid social structure is orientated around commonplaceity and picayune materialism.While both texts be able to mirror the values and beliefs of its time, they convey similar ideas which atomic number 18 universal and relate to whatever context. The importance of personal growth is an element of humanity which transcends time, and can resonate through any context. Emma lacks lifes experiences, with little to vex her whils t doing just what she liked. Her flawed and spoiled character is overshadowed by her mutual attachment to her mild tempered governess further exemplified through the authorial intrusion that she had rather too much her own way.In contrast, Mr Knightley treats others with respect despite their social standing, playacting as a moral voice in the novel when he says that Miss Bates deserves compassion, not ridicule when Emma insulted her as being dull at the Box Hill picnic. He scolds Emma that it was badly done acting as compass to the acknowledgement of her wrongs and cruel behaviour which exposed herself to ill opinion, indicating the strict social etiquettes of her time.Finally, she acknowledged the whole truth which metaphorically darted through her, with the speed of an arrow that she was in love, consequently leading to her realisation that she had been inconsiderate, indelicate, and erroneous towards others, and how with insufferable vanity she had believed herself in the se cret of every bodys feelings. This marks a major turning point in Emmas moral growth, which is later rewarded through marriage.Heckerlings Clueless explores similar ideas of growth while reflecting the different context of modern America, where self realisations are consequences of personal dissatisfaction within the superficial society. Chers initial voiceover that she has a way normal life, ironically contrasts the images of her picking out clothes on the computer. Her preference of cartoon over tidings suggests her naivety whilst shallow indulging within her narrow world of superior wealth and popularity.To Chers own amusement she concludes that (Tais) life entrust be breach because of me, leading to the makeover. This mirrors the personality of Emma, who also ignorantly takes matters into her own hands. However, while Emma simply failed to match make, Cher finds her own situation and power being challenged when Tai becomes the most popular girl in the school, which Cher hype rbolically describes as an alternate universe. Cher questions in disbelief I failed something I couldnt talk my way out of? when her arrogance and confident character is challenged by reality, resulting in her self realisation, that all her friends were really good in different ways, signifying the overcoming of her self-centeredness, further highlighted in her willingness to jockstrap others. Her change in attitude is rewarded by a greater appreciation of life and the people around her, including Josh, whom she loves. Unlike Emmas self transformation, Chers realisation due to trivial events translates to a much shallow world in the 20th century where there is a lack of strict social etiquette.Austen reaffirms the rigid social classes which often defined ones social standing, while satirising the pretensions of the gentility. Austen lists properties such as handsome, rich and clever, emphasizing Emmas position as an aristocracy in contrast to Mr Martin is a gross, vulgar farmer, a nd therefore remarkably plain due to his lower social standing. Emma pretentiously refers to herself as a fanciful, troublesome creature, with the vain intent of receiving flattery from others, exposing Austens satirical purpose.Mr Eltons disgusted tone as he declares he will never think seriously of Miss Smith because everyone has their level, In addition to his refusal to dance with Harriet highlights the rigidity within social classes. Qualities of Emma are constantly set to Harriet, who is the natural daughter of somebody, a euphemistic portrayal of Harriets lack of status and worth due to her unknown family background. The reference of Mr Westin as having been born(p) into a respectable family illustrates importance of inherited wealth.Despite Emmas influence over Harriet to marry higher, she ultimately marries appropriately to Mr Martin. Therefore the lack of mobility and strict rules which govern the differences surrounded by each class is not challenged by Austen. Emmas w orld reflects a clear class structure that is extremely rigid. While the idea of social class within Emma is defined as strict and rigid, the casual contemporary American society based on material wealth and popularity is reflected in Clueless.An opening montage together with the popular culture background music kids in America depicts the freedom and fast paced lifestyle of teenagers, whose interactions imply general acceptance of all types of people. The mean(a) shot featuring Chers classic vintage house undermines the superficial and materialistic foundation of the social structure. Furthermore the stereotypical division of social groups such as Loadies, Popular boys and Persian mafia based on popularity and material goods such as BMW again illustrates the value of materialistic goods.Unlike Emma where individuals of one social class were by and large encouraged to interact while disregarding other social classes, the social structure presented in contemporary society allows fo r fluidity and cultural diversity. While orphans such as Jane Fairfax and illegitimate children like Harriet were not highly regarded, Christian, a cake boy has no trouble blending into the microcosm of high school society and its social cliches.In addition to this, Tai, who climbs up the social ladder, highlights the highly fluid social structure. Therefore, Heckerlings popular cultured film and Emma both explore an idea of social class, however boundaries between different social classes depend on values of the time and context. While ideas about the human condition are similar and relevant to any society, their expression is greatly influenced by beliefs and values of its context.Austens Emma features a society with strict social etiquettes, from which Emma learns and morally matures. Heckerling takes the idea of self growth and interprets it through a different context, where the lives of teenagers are rather shallow and revolve around trivial things. While the 19th century Eng lish society of Emma is governed by social classes which are distinct and rigid, Clueless features the fluid society classed by popularity and materialistic wealth. Overall both texts clearly reflect the context of its time.

Order in the World vs. Savagery Essay

Choose a root word and explain how that theme influences the system of rules and order the boys establish when they arrive on the island, and what happens when the rules disintegrate.Order in the World vs. Savagery Among MenIn William Goldings Lord of the Flies, the characters demonstrate what can happen when the aid of the unknown sets in. Giving up the familiarity of authoritative figures and domesticated surroundings can put some mountain, especi onlyy adolescents and children, into a state of shock. If this state of shock does not set in immediately, it is inevit commensurate to set in with time. This novel, filled with allegorical references, is a prime example of how the cultures and values set up by people and evolving over time can be ruined by crisis, creating our main theme of Order in the World VS. Savagery Among Men.The novel starts out with our main characters, the school boys, who have been marooned on a completely deserted island. Being that these are mere children, it doesnt take too long beforehand everyone starts to realize that not only do they no longer have the organize of adult supervision, further they must also learn to fend for themselves. Conflicting human instincts begin to arise, and we all know that without structure in our terra firma, instincts can be a terribly scary addition to this chaotic mix.It is quite kindle to see to it that even given their crisis of a situation, one of the boys lock up clings to his former civilized lifestyle. He still has the urge inside of him to work toward order and their pre- subsisting domesticated, cushy lives. Living in our sheltered world for such a very long period of time, in this case his whole life has created a barrier between him and reality. Given that he is just a boy, this is not unusual but quite an expected of him.On the other hand, we have the majority of the boys, who have resorted to their primordial instincts. They start off with a sort of structure the conch shell. Thi s is their only form of order in their new life, a symbolic property of civility which they have brought with them from their old lives. This was, at first, a sense of security. The conch was once used to summon everyone unitedly as a group after their plane crash. However after Jack the leader was elect to run the group, he became relentless, spouting demands left and right, expecting his group to agree at every whim or else.Ralph, one of the other main characters, opposed the barbaric ideas proposed by Jack, and created his own group. When Jack hears of this disruption to his overruling, he makes sure to convince everyone that they need to be on his team and that he can help them more than wimpy Ralph will be able to. When his teachings are unleashed, Roger rolls a giant boulder onto Piggy, which also crushes their conch shell. I believe that this is a symbol of the disintegration of all civility among the boys.As these rules continue to diminish, the representation of our them e becomes more and more clear. For example, Simon encounters the beast that frightens all of the boys to no end, only to find that the beast does not exist it is imaginary. The beast, we find, is simply a symbol which lies inside of each and every person because it represents human primitive instincts. When Simon went to jocund the rest of the group about the beast, the boys with their newfound savage ways of living attacked Simon immediately without any hesitation whatsoever. The boys tore his body limb from limb until at that place was no life left. This part of the novel is an extremely important part of the theme because the behavior of the boys is what brought this beast to lifeIn conclusion, as you are able to see, our theme of order and reason in the world versus savagery and impulse influences the system of rules (or lack thereof) end-to-end the entire novel. In the beginning, many clung tight to their lives of order, while the remainder of others decided right away tha t because there was no supervision, they needed to have a leader as soon as possible. Toward the end of our novel, as their rules began to dismantle and leadership turned to a god complex dictatorship, we are still able to see the influential theme in the story line as savagery among men takes over all order when the killing begins.

Impact Of Entertainment To The Atmosphere Environmental Sciences Essay

Entertainment has been an of import component in this universe. Peoples prove all sort of amusement such as athleticss and unison to pass their clip either solo or with household and friends. Some good deal may be for eviscerateing to travel through a majuscule length, spend monolithic come of money or nevertheless digest some animal(prenominal) challenges every(prenominal) bit long as they get the amusement from the activities that they loved. However, some people susceptibility non recognise that some of their activities might be harmful to the ambiance, which in the long-run testament finally blow themselves and their households. A individual or an organisation might non recognize how they ar damaging the ambiance be stir largely their activities does non give any immediate seeable tinge, however scientific discipline has ordern us how a simple treat that seems so harmless might lend to a annihilating impact to the ambiance. 1 illust dimensionn of a popular amu sement presents is the unison festivals. Music doubtless is one of the biggest fountains of amusement and is enjoyed by people regardless of age, profession or cultural difference. Music festivals are the topographic get that could garner 1000s of medicine lovers to parting their love and compulsions towards music. Festivals such as the Woodstock Festival ( 1969 ) in fall in States and Glastonbury Festival in United terra firma disregard pull more(prenominal) than 100,000 people at a clip. In Australia, some festivals such as the Big Day Out and Soundwave Festival has been organized in about every province of the offer and becomes one-year tradition among the music lovers. These are one of the biggest amusement topics in the show and without chummy consideration to the surround, they give the bounce be one of the study grounds of atmospheric pollution.Despite many authoritative parts of the music festival, there are as well the parts where music festival can be har mful to the environment. Music festivals use grand sum of cypher which may comes from non-sustainable beginnings. Two major beginnings of electrical energy during music festivals came from fuel-burning generators or the electricity grid, in which in Australia they largely came from the combustion of coal ( solar Point, n.d. ) . These agent beginnings release immense sum of C dioxide ( CO2 ) and air pollutants which might lend to the long-run impact to the ambiance such as the planetary heating and acerb rain. to a fault that, diesel- positioned generators normally used in festivals might as well supply immediate wellness fright as they may let go of really little but risky solid particulate affair which could transport harmful chemicals to peopleis lungs date they breathe. It might non be a common calamity but it is better to fix for the worst and try to extinguish air pollutants and inordinate greenhouse gasses from the ambiance.Alternatively, music festivals might besides hold high C footmark that came indirectly from the events. For case, the crowd came to music festival from all across the province and release immense sums of nursery gasses to the ambiance by going in their autos, coachs or any other agencies of transit that subscribe combustion of fossil fuel. This will be worst if the events cause monolithic traffic jams as it will impact even those who are non travelling to the festivals and more fuel burning will takes topographic point on the route. On the other manus, non everyone in the crowd during the event will utilize the proper mode of disposing or recycling their waste, which means more pollutants will be provided to the environment. Furthermore, the corporal energy from the life bicycle of the phases, equipments, vehicles and other stuffs used during the festival might besides add to the C footmark of the event. All these beginnings of pollutants and nursery gasses will so impact the ambiance and lead to lay waste toing environmen tal supposes.It will be absurd to propose that music festivals should be banned to protect the environment. A more effectual musical mode to manage this job is by retracing the event to be more environmentally friendly and to cut rectify the C footmark of the event to the lower limit. The most critical tone towards this solution must get down from the eventis direction squad. The organiser for such event must modify their system and include environmental concern in their policy. Each event must hold a designated environmental coordinator who will be responsible to the degree of environmental sustainability of the event. The coordinator must supply some sustainable guidelines and ensures that the processs are implemented in every facet. In add-on, the attendants of the event should be offered the option to countervail their C footmark in the attempt to cut down nursery consequence. In Queensland, Splendour in the Grass Festival offers Carbon commencement ceremony Ticket which w ill countervail the buyeris travel rise for around 350km ( Splendour in the Grass, 2010 ) .Redesigning the whole role supply system to be more environmentally friendly can hold a definitive consequence to the sustainability of the music festival. Organizers should do certain that their phase uses efficient power supply and utilize energy salvaging equipment. Precious energy demands to be conserved as more electricity generated will do more harmful substances to be released to the ambiance. However, a more reasonable manner of significantly cut downing the emanation is by taking the right beginning for the electricity. Presently, most of the festivals in Australia or any other state in the universe run by trusting on fossil fuels, which burning is a major menace to the ambiance. on that pointfore, if we want to forestall the inordinate emanation of C dioxide, sulfur dioxide and azotic oxide to the ambiance, so take forthing electricity from harmless resources should be the preced ence.In Australia, there are several companies that have developed the true(p) engineering and made them portable and simple to be used. Some practical options that may be a good replacing for the dodo fuel based electricity are biodiesel generator and solar photovoltaic ( PV ) system. Unlike petrofuel generator, biodiesel generator used Diesel made from vegetable oils or carnal fats. Biodiesel is a lineament of renewable energy and is presently emerging as one of the most dependable options to fossil fuel. One advantage of this renewable fuel is that C dioxide will be used during the production of the biodiesel, which is from the photosynthesis of the works. However, although the C ratio of biodiesel is significantly lower than the normal Diesel, the burning of biodiesel besides releases nitrogen oxides every bit good as little sum of sulfur dioxides and methane. Azotic oxide ( NOx ) is the inevitable consequence of any burning procedure, in which the high temperature at the furn aces or engines will change over N from the ambiance to azotic oxide ( Boyle, 2004 ) . Therefore, it might be a more simple solution, but biodiesel generators might non be the smartest pick for power supply.A better pick for power supply could be the solar PV system. Australia is one of the states that receive sufficient sum of sunshine ( Solar Point, n.d. ) so there will be no job of limited resource. Solar PV does non necessitate any burning and is a really clean renewable energy. In add-on, solar faculties do non hold any moving parts which mean it is impregnable to run and will non necessitate stag care. PV system can be build at the festivalis site as a base simply system or grid-connected system. A grid connected system can let the excess power to be fed back to the grid and can utilize some energy from the grid in instance of power deficit. However, it might non hold the portability and flexibleness that the base entirely system will hold. In Australia, there are tonss of companies that specialize in PV panels and plentifulness of picks are available in the market. The lone job will be that the capital cost of the system will be rather high but on the contrary, the running cost will be really low as it does non necessitate intensifier care, have long lifetime and it can be recycled. The best portion of utilizing solar PV system is the ifueli is clean, safe and free.One simple but interesting suggestion to better the sustainability of music festival is to revise the cater and menu choice of the events. It might non look as a really notable thought but making so might besides cut down the impact of music festival to the ambiance. Festivals irrespective of their continuances or sizes normally present caterer or peddler who provide or sell nutrients and drinks during the event. Foods and drinks are the biggest beginning of rubbish as can be seen in every festival site after everyone has remaining the locale. Therefore, it might be a good thought to in quire the caterer, peddler or any parties who are responsible for the nutrient to cut down or wholly extinguish any nutrient or drinks that come in non-biodegradable or non-recyclable wrapper if possible. In add-on, they should besides be reminded to pull off their water supply and energy use expeditiously and cut down their waste. Unnecessary energy use is non merely uneconomical, but some electrical contraptions might besides lend to atmospheric pollution. For case, CFC ( CFC ) from icebox is a immense menace to the ambiance as it is the major cause of stratospheric ozone depletion. Therefore, it will be a great thought to inquire the caterer to hold their ain environmental policy in order to better the sustainability of the event.Besides concentrating on the manner to cut down the emanation of nursery gasses and other atmospheric pollutants by music festivals, organisers should besides take the chance to utilize the events as a medium to advance environmental concerns among the populace. Organizers should show that their events are back uping the attempt to protect the ambiance and involved in the battle to conserve the environment. It will be better if the event will merely accept sponsorship from organisations that besides support the environmental cause and non peculiarly involved in any major environmental job. During the event, environmental messages should besides be displayed or announced several times to stress the importance of a sustainable hereafter. In add-on, well-known eco-friendly sets and instrumentalists should besides be invited to execute to demo that everyone has the duty to protect the planet. Internationally celebrated sets such as Radiohead ( United Kingdom ) and Pearl Jam ( United States ) have publically shown their concern to the environment and these function speculative accounts have the ability to present the message successfully to the crowd.Another of import component that besides need to be introduced in a music festival i s a sustainability audit. It is really of import to reexamine every facet of the festival and happen a manner to better the event in the hereafter. The event can be assessed by internal member of the festival or with the aid of professional judge. The audit should measure the direct and indirect emanations of nursery gasses, energy efficiency for all electrical devices and systems, physical impact of the event to the environment and the effectivity of the eventis environmental policy. The informations collected could be really utile in bettering the sustainability of the event and can besides be a guideline for any other related event in the hereafter.There might be some other enterprises that could be put into pattern in the attempt to alter music festival to be a greenish event. These attempts will non hold any major impact on the enjoyment and exhilaration that are seek on the event because the satisfaction of the attendants will besides be a precedence. In fact, an environmental ly friendly music festival could perchance pull even more support from the music lovers as more people in the universe has started to care for the environment and opt for more green activities. We can see in every province in Australia people have shown their involvement for more sustainable hereafter and the communities took assorted attempts to better the vicinities. In the sustainable music festival, everyone can bask the great music without worrying about how they may harm the ambiance. The Earth is traveling to be a more beautiful planet if we can let go of the love of music into the atmosphere alternatively of the soiled burning fume of the dodo fuel.

Different Leadership Styles used in The Public Services Essay

A drawing cards style is the manner and approach of providing program line for a squad, implementing plans and do spate to complete a task. The different typewrites of drawships used in the world diddle argon despotic-Autocratic drawship is a attractorship style characterized by various(prenominal) control oer all told ratiocinations and little enter from free radical members. Autocratic attractions typically rat choices ground on their own ideas and judgments and r bely accept advice from hapers no matter how it may benefit the group.What atomic number 18 the returns and disadvantages of supercilious attractions style?The advantages of Authoritarian leading demeanor be that it maintains order and discipline to all group members. It allows the public services to be deployed on time, nimblely and efficiently and leaves the public happy. Young and inexperienced recruits leave behind be told what to do and when to do it this allows them to learn better and efficiently. It allows large scale coordination with opposite shifts or units ensures that decisions argon made by those who argon vanquish equipped to execute the decisions. This bump offs the decisions to be made precise quickly. The disadvantages of Authoritarian leaders fl atomic number 18 atomic number 18 that it locoweed lead to high staff turnover and regularly non turning up to over operate. This is because the staff may feel devalued and fearful of punishment. The group members rely on the leader for instructions and do non burgeon forth initiative, the police squad may wee-wee little debt instrument for their own actions. Due to feeling feargond this exit make the staff to feel angry and resentful at being ordered to perform tasks without the explanations makeed.What atomic number 18 the Strength and Weaknesses of Authoritarian lead entitle?The Strengths of Autocratic leading path are that they own improb adequate efficient choices made instan tly. They disturb their conk out entere as efficient and quick as possible. Their weaknesses are that some police squad members are not up to doing take a crap as quick as they should and often leads to high levels of absenteeism and a large amount of staff go forth their workplace. In conclusion Autocratic leading expressive style is useful in the public services because all public individuals are happy and satisfied with the public services effort. each squad members are condition to maintain that the groups performance and the quality of team work are done professionally and efficiently. I like thatthis type of leadership goes by their own greensward and create ideas them self that lead benefit their team. Their choices are made instantly and the public services officers are deployed as soon as an emergency has been informed by a member of the public.An example of Authoritarian lead mode-This Type of leadership is used in the public services, the main example tha t it is used for is if you are in the army. For example if you were engagement for your country in the Army and you got told to get down then you lead have to get down, or you could get shot. This type of leadership is used in about regiments of the army this is because you get told what to do and where to go most of the time. An otherwise example is in nursing, for an example a patient has a cardiac carets a position nurse allow shout out for other nurses and doctors to go get one subject and another to do something else, it is truly legal in me actually ways such as no one is running about asking what they are meant to be doing.popular- pop leaders Style is an distri unlesse and collegial leadership style where ideas between the leaders and the subordinates flow freely as the discussions are held in an open manner and where all members opinions are respected.What are the advantages and disadvantages of Democratic leaders?The advantages of Democratic lead Style are tha t workers develop a greater sense of self-esteem, due to importance hallown to their ideas and their contributions. They leave run short committed to changes that may be brought about by policy changes, since they themselves participate in bringing about these changes. Its often participative and involves employees in the decision qualification process. Being a leader allow pee-pee you great confidence, cooperation, and the true amongst other workers. Active participation in the management by labour assures insurrection productivity and satisfaction. The disadvantage of Democratic Leadership Style is that it is a time consuming progress of decision making, in case of uneducated or unskilled worker, it is not very in force(p). Having evasive members, who prefers not to be involved in the team work and this may create problems with all the members. Due to the lack of intercourse by all members of theteam, some importance suggestions give be unheard, or missed.What are the S trength and Weaknesses of Democratic Leadership Style?The Strengths of Democratic Leadership Styles are that all team members have high play satisfaction and they are much productive as they are more involved in decision making. All team members are cause by other team members and leaders. The weaknesses are that decision making can be a time consuming procedure. Some team members may not have the knowledge to provide the high-quality input that is lodgeed. In conclusion Democratic Leadership is a style that is super effective in the public services, this is because there is one leader leading everyone else and making sure their jobs are done properly. They have a lot of time on their croaks to come up with decisions and they make sure unskilled and uneducated workers get the chance to do work and get involved with other successful team members. Being a democratic leader leave alone give you excellent confidents, cooperation and loyalty amongst other workers, this means that each and every team member can assertion and follow the leader with confidents and hope to get their work done effectively.An example of Democratic Leadership style-An example of Democratic Leadership Style is used in the Hospital, such as if there are any patients there and that they are needing medical attention but the nurses are unsure on how to treat the patient they provide discuss on what is best for the patient on what needs they impart need and who will be the best to be dealing with the patient. Also it is used in the law services, if the police are dealing with a case they would come together to discuss on how to deal with it and to see who is more capable on dealing and doing the job most successfully.Laissez-faire-Laissez-faire leadership is a specific type of leadership style. It is as well as known as delegate leadership and is a leadership style where leaders allow group members to make many of the decisions.What are the advantages and disadvantages of Laissez-f aire leadership style?The advantages of capitalist Leadership Style are that the leader itself will not be accustomed work to do this could come along others into leadership contributions. This allowsthe breezy worker to have an opportunity to do what they want to do, with no interferences. With Laissez-fair leadership, the group gets very little, or no guidance from the leaders. This gives members of the group complete freedom to make decisions on their own. The Disadvantages of Laissez-Faire Leadership Style are that some jobs will fall back on someone else or are not ideal to the full expected standard. This type of leadership has been proven that generates a very low amount of production among its group members, this means that there is less group satisfaction, less group productivity, poorer quality of work and less personal growth by the members of the team.What are the Strength and Weaknesses of Laissez-Faire Leadership Style?The Strengths in Laissez-Faire Leadership S tyles are that they give each team members complete freedom on group decisions. The leaders infrequently make any suggestions on decisions to let the team members have a free listen on their thoughts. Although Laissez-Faire leaders are happy to uphold any individuals they only do so when they are asked by team members. The weaknesses are that they are too laid back this will make the team members feel like they are not being managed in any way. The leaders expect team members to have freedom to retrieve and to have expert knowledge on what they are doing as they dont lead in anyway. In conclusion Laissez-Faire Leadership style is effectiveAn example of Laissez-Faire Leadership style-For an example, if you were to work in the public services and there was a mop up investigation, FBI are sent to the scene of the crime, they would know what to do and then they are then able to be left there to do their job without any supervision needed. The leaders role is to be able to trust thei r team members to get their tasks done at right standards, for another example, in the army the leader will judge to the squad to go and garb up the camp in a particular location, after the team will go and do that without any hesitation and without any supervision by the leader.Transactional-Transactional leadership is a very direct style of leadership and uses rewards and punishments to motivate the team.What are the advantages and disadvantages in Transactional Leadership Style?The advantages ofTransactional Leadership Style are that the leader actively monitors the work and each individuals from performance. All team members are motivated by being rewarded for exceeding expectations and excellent standard work. at that place is a clear chain of command. Formal systems of discipline are in place, if any team members are doing something wrong they will know that they have and will be told about it. The team is fully accountable for its actions and will be sanctioned for their failure. The disadvantages of Transactional Leadership Style tend to be action oriented and they will focus mainly on short term tasks. Some team members may not get a job satisfaction because of the reward and punishment ethos. It has serious limitations of knowledge-based or creative work but remains a common style in many organisations. All team members have to do incisively what the managers tell them to do and they have no authority.What are the Strength and Weaknesses of Transactional Leadership Style?The strengths of Transactional Leadership Style are that if the team members finished their work to the expected standards they will be salaried or rewarded for their good work and effort. Transactional leadership will lead and tell their team members what they expect from them and lead them to do their given tasks. Their weaknesses of transactional leadership are that if the team members do not complete their work to the expected standards they will be punished, their punishme nt could be such as, lower payment, extra tasks, or you could even lose your job. This will make it severelyer for team members to be open minded as the fear of doing something that they are not meant to be doing and being punished. In overall conclusion Transactional leadership is effective but not as effective as the other styles this is because being punished for simple mistakes is a weak way to motivate team members. In my opinion the only place this style would be effective in is the army. Army is disciplinary. If team members conceal getting punished for mistakes they are most likely going to walk out and go somewhere else which is not very good for the leaders. It is effective if you are rewarding them for good work as this will boost their confidents and make them want to get a reward instead of a savage punishment.An example of Transactional Leadership Style-Transactional leaders could be found within public services where people aregiven rewards such as bonuses, instru ct or time off if they appearing a good demonstration and excellent work. For an example if a worker needs time off to do information for a youthful task they could have the time off for good work and do their dressing that is needed. For an example, in the army if a soldier does not do as its told they would be punished, the leader will make them all do exercise as a punishment. You will see that the leader will either tell the whole team or the individual to drop down and do a hundred push ups. The leaders see this as a discipline role to keep punishing them if they do something out of place or wrong as it teaches them not to do it again.Transformational-Transformational Leadership Style is a form of leadership style that focuses on team performance as a whole by encouraging team members to think of the group rather than themselves. It is about moving in advance as a team rather than individuals who just happened to be on the same project.What are the advantage and disadvanta ges of Transformational Leadership Style?The advantages of Transformational Leadership Style are that people will follow transformational leaders because of their passion, energy, loyalty and enthusiasm for the team and their vision they spend time teaching and coaching the team, they belief in others and themselves, they lead value to the organisation through their vision and enthusiasm and they care about their team and work hard to motivate them-this reduces stress levels and increase well-being.The disadvantages of Transformational Leadership Style are that the team may not plow the same vision if they are not convinced by other ideas and plans. If any team members do not believe that they will succeed then they will lack effort and ultimately give up and leave. Followers need to have strong sense of purpose if they are to be motivated to act.The leaders will believe that their visions are right when really sometimes they are not. Large amounts of depressed enthusiasm can we ar out the team. Leaders tend to see a big portrayal but not the details they need to know, the leaders may become frustrated if transformation is not taking place.What are the Strength and Weaknesses of Transformational Leadership Style?The strengths of Transformational Leadership Style are that they are hands on with all team members. They spend more time cooperating to eachindividuals of the team. The leaders motivate the team members by their efforts and enthusiasm. This will give the team members a team feeling as a replacement of being informed what to do. The weaknesses that may appear are that they may feel that they are given excessive amount support and that the team members are not working by their own mind. As ideas are flying around by each person in the team, everyone is involved and not well-favoured every individual the chance to give their opinions for their own work.An example of Transformational Leadership Style-For an example in the police the leader inspires t he team to help make the world a better place, so the leaders role is to do the task so their team know exactly what the standard of work that will need to be done and correctly. You would be able to see this leadership style in the hospital, for an example, if a in the altogether team of trainees come in a hospital to learn and to experience their job. The teacher will show them how its done and let them do it after showing them, this is because youre dealing with others lifes and its important that they do their job well. In conclusion Transformational leadership style is an effective leadership style, for the causal agency that the leaders show so much passion and commitment towards the whole team with great enthusiasm. This encourages individuals in the team to follow the leader and try and aim towards their standard of work. Each and every leader whole works hard to motivate the team into working hard to reach for what they are aimed for. The leaders are more on board with e very team members and they take time into helping all team members, this is so all team members know exactly what they are doing in their own tasks.bureaucratic-bureaucratic Leadership is a style of leadership that focuses on rules and procedures to manage teams and projects.What are the advantage and disadvantages of bureaucratic Leadership Style?The advantages of Bureaucratic Leadership Style are that they focus mainly on following a predefined narrow down of standards or rules of governance and management. Bureaucratic leadership asks team members to understand and follow certain standards to procedures. Team members are asked to geminate certain tasks for an example, on a production line. A Bureaucratic team can work highlywell if they are a well motivated team and a well defined procedures. The disadvantages of Bureaucratic Leadership Style are that if a work habit has been formed that are unproductive, they can be very hard to break and replace with new procedures and this c an alienate and de-motivate a workforce. Team members will lack their work effort and this will make it harder for all the team members to motivate each other and the lack of motivation can lead to poorly defined managerial structures.What are the Strength and Weaknesses of Bureaucratic Leadership Style?The strengths of Bureaucratic Leadership Style they make sure that each team members are obeying and respecting the procedures, most of the time for their own safety. This leadership style has a tendency to work well in a manufacturing environment. The weaknesses are that they do the similar work each day this can be very hard and tedious for some individuals in the team that likes to be imaginative and original in their work. In conclusion Bureaucratic leadership style is an effective leadership style my reasons are that each team members are well taught to know what they are doing in their tasks and being able to flirt with what they are doing as they are told to repeat their work again, this is so each team member are able to remember what they learnt. As well this could waste time as their work are being repeated and they are wasting time on what they have done in the past instead of forwarding into new work to be working on as a team.An example of Bureaucratic Style-For an example this type of Leadership Style is used in the police force. If a police officer goes out on patrol on their own most of their time without a leader accompanying them, the policies and procedures are tick off out so the officers will know exactly what they can or cannot do. For another example in most public services all new recruits do the same test across that public service in the police everyone needs to complete a bleep test to a standard.People-orientated-People-orientated Leadership Style focuses on participation of all team members, clear communication and supporting and developing the individual in order to improve skills.What are the advantage and disadvantages of Peopl e-orientated Leadership Style?The advantages of People OrientatedLeadership Style are that they often energize team members. All team members will feel sceptred and meaningful, and feel that their job satisfaction levels will rise. All team members will feel that they have a say in all decision making and that their work place efficiency. All team members will be encouraged with feed back and ideas on how to improve their work. The leaders will often develop a much better understanding of their team, work place conditions and team members will receive straightforward opinions on their work by allowing them to understand what will be a good or not and to be able to get a better standard work. The disadvantages of People-Orientated Leadership Styles are similar to the advantages. If team members are given too much responsibilities without management guidance, their decision making duties can become very overwhelming and can become very stressful, which may lead to lack of team work and will lack the effort to complete given tasks to the full requirements.What are the Strength and Weaknesses of People-Orientated Leadership Style? The strengths of People-Orientated Leadership Style are that they encourage each team members to voice their views out to people to get response comments. Team members are given tasks based on their own skills and interests that inspire them to work that bit harder this will make the work environment much more pleasant and more motivating for each team member. The weaknesses are that they are not managed on their given tasks and this will make it harder for the team to complete their work to its full standards expected. In ConclusionAn example of People-orientated l Style-For an Example, if you were to work at a care home and you were to have responsibilities or having to pick up your sick child up from school, you would be let to go home and someone else taking your place as you have responsibilities, where some dont. If you had to be home for your children after school and had no one to look after them then you would have to go home and take care of them.Task-orientated-Task-Orientated Leadership Style is about getting the job done. The bound of the task rather than the needs of the team are the key goal.What are the advantage and disadvantages of Task-orientated LeadershipStyle?The advantages of Task-Orientated Leadership Styles are that leaders communicate together to know where they want to take their companies to. The leaders target certain tasks for each individual team members and ensuring that they have a clear understanding on their set tasks. Task orientated leadership style is a very well suited to structure work environments such as law enforcements and manufacturing assembly lines, in which repeating well-defined process usually end point in consistently high levels of productivity and the quality of the work. The disadvantages of Task-Orientated Leadership Styles are that the team members are p anicky to break rules, taking risks, this will lead to missing good opportunities and they will lack creativity this will result to going elsewhere to have better options and opportunities to do what they would like and to be happy with. To encourage creativity leaders should learn to say no to the people who mostly expect a yes, this is because rehabilitative conflict leads to creative engagement, and this leads to a competitive opportunity between others.What are the Strength and Weaknesses of Task-Orientated Leadership Style?The strengths of Task-Orientated Leadership Style are that they certify that each individual has a clear understanding on what they are doing for their roles. Leaders will correspond with each individual to see where they are at on their tasks and to see if they are in need of any help to understand clearly on what they are doing. The weaknesses are that the leaders make the team members feel anxious to break any rules in the work place due to this individua l will not take any risks on their work to make their work a little bit more exiting and creative and they will stick to basic work, and this will be less creative to go that one step further in their tasks.An example of Task-orientated Style-Task-Orientated Leadership Style focuses on getting the job/tasks done and not worrying about anything else around them that are needed or happening around them. For an example you may find this in the fire services, they will focus on getting the fire out and saving lives on the job, it does not matter to them what they revoke during the process to get the job done, because their job is to concentrate 100% on the task and block any other problems out.Similarities and DifferencesDescribing the similarities and differences in the different leadership styles used by the public services.Authoritarian and Task-Orientated Leadership StyleThis Authoritarian Leadership Style is quite similar to the Task Orientated Leadership Style in the way that the leaders are the only people who put input, this doesnt create a team sense and can lead to little morale, and nonetheless it is an effective way in most circumstances. At the end of the day authoritarian leadership style can be one of the most undecomposed styles, as it gets the job finished and finalized. The leader uses his authoritys power to instruct the team, and they learn to do what the leader says immediately. This style would be ineffective in a particular when the team are position out a mooring, as more ideas would be better than just what the leader thinks on its own.Democratic and People-Orientated Leadership StyleDemocratic Leadership Style is very similar to The People Orientated Leadership Style in the way that both leaders take the team members opinions and give thought to their ideas, this can be very successful in many situations as 2 heads are better than 1 in the end of the day. Democratic Leadership Style can be a very effective leadership style in many si tuations where the team are planning out a situation each individual of the team can put in input to make the action as effective as possible. This type of leadership style would not be used if they were in a situation such as putting out a fire this is because you will need quick responds and action for that type of situation.Laissez-faire and Bureaucratic Leadership StyleLaissez-faire Leadership Style is very different compared to the Bureaucratic Leadership Style this is because the Laissez-faire leader doesnt get involved in any team discussions they dont put in any effort or input with their team. Whereas Bureaucratic leader will take control and puts in the most of the input to make the situation a lot better, both styles require the team to be on the ball all the time, but in different styles. In conclusion this can be an effective style in situations whereas the team isexperienced and hardworking where the leader has trust that they will complete the task on time and in expe cting good standards, this is not always effective as the team has no management or help given to team members, so they must know exactly what they are doing.Transactional and Transformational Leadership StyleTransactional Leadership Style is very much different to Transformational Leadership Style because a Transformational leader are improbably encouraging and use words to make the team stronger, Whereas Transactional leader is a very harsh non-team based leader, who uses actions to make the team stronger. Both can be effective but in different situations. In my opinion I do not prefer this type of style as I would not see it as effective as the other styles, but it is very effective in training methods such as the army for an example and other disciplinary public services. It makes the individuals mentally and physically stronger as it encourages the individuals to work for what they want.Which Leadership Style is the most effective?In my personal opinion I think that the Autocr atic, Democratic and Transformational Leadership Styles are the most effective this is because all three leadership styles have the most power and best outcomes by all individuals from each team. The Reason I chose Autocratic Leadership Style is because this type of leadership style leaves all public individuals happy and satisfied with the public services effort. All team members are disciplined to maintain that the teams performance and the quality of team work are done professionally and efficiently. I like that this type of leadership goes by their own turf and create ideas them self that will benefit their team. Their choices are made instantly and the public services officers are deployed as soon as an emergency has been informed by a member of the public. Democratic Leadership is another style I think that is effective in the public services, my reasons for this is because there is one leader leading everyone else and making sure their jobs are done properly. They have a lot of time on their hands to come up with decisions and they make sure unskilled and uneducated workers get the chance to do work and get involved with different successful team members.Being ademocratic leader gives you excellent confidents, cooperation and loyalty amongst other workers, this means that each and every team member can trust and follow the leader with confidents and high hopes to get their work done properly and effectively. Another leadership that I personally think that is effective in the public services is the Transformational leadership style. The reason I say this is because the leaders show so much passion and commitment towards the team with great enthusiasm. This encourages the team members to follow the leader and try and aim towards their standard of work. All leaders work hard to motivate the team into working hard to get what they are aimed for. The leaders are more on boards with all team members and they take time into helping all team members, this is so all team members know exactly what they are doing in their tasks. My final decisions on which style is the most effective is the Autocratic Leadership Style as they are more outgoing and has the most effect on the public and they are highly hands on and getting their task done as soon as they are set out on the table.