Children of Heaven Film Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Children of Heaven Film Analysis - Essay Example In doing so the film also shows that the children look out for each other. Although Zahra could have gone to her parents and reported the entire incident but she chooses to defend her brother by cooperating with him. The familial coherence depicted in the film represents a culture defined by a strong family institution. Alternatively it may also be argued that poverty stricken circumstances force people to look out for each other in small groups such as families. However either way a strong family institution cannot be denied in Iranian culture. Other than the issues of frugality and a closely knit family, the film’s settings warrant a lot of attention. The film contrasts the dwellings and neighborhoods of the poor and the affluent in modern Tehran where the film has been shot. The inner city where the family resides dates back to medieval times and is a hallmark of congestion and urban sprawl. Generations after generations have grown up in the same houses that are placed toge ther in thin streets. As families expand, there is demand for more and more living space. However the closely knit family structure demands that a consanguine family arrangement must persist even in terms of living. Given the shortage of space these old houses cannot be expanded vertically so to deal with a larger family’s accommodation problems, the only real solution is to build upwards. There is of course a limit to how high these buildings can be constructed - not due to regulatory requirements but rather due to flimsy construction techniques in use. These houses are built by placing walls that are then covered using roofs using largely bricks and cement only. This mandates that these buildings cannot be expanded more than a few storeys’ high (generally two to three storey’s high only). When the inner city depicted in the film is analyzed it is immediately apparent that the buildings are not more than two to three storey’s high and are placed together one after the other. The high demand for housing space in an already constrained area means that there is no concept of gardens or small green patches to make the environment a little better. Instead any small spaces that could have been used for vegetation are also occupied or merged into housing spaces. Furthermore the high demand for housing means that any open spaces that would have been reserved for civic purposes such as parks have also been occupied to build houses. Throughout the entire film there are no parks or other civic facilities shown in the inner city which in turn indicates that the people living in the inner city have little chances for recreation. Socially this would also lead to other problems such as the use of drugs but this has not been depicted by the film because its intended audience is mainly children. The hap hazardous placement of houses together in such a fashion means that markets are not planned features of such settlements. However there is little d enying that markets would still be required so alternative make shift arrangements can be expected. When Ali goes to the cobbler, the film provides a glimpse into the market based arrangement in the inner city in Tehran. The cobbler can be seen sitting in the middle of a street crossing (popularly known as a â€Å"chowk† in South East Asia) while other vendors and peddlers are also available nearby. The cobbler is depicted occupying a part of the street to secure his work area. Other than the cobbler there are a number

Torsional Pendulum Preliminary Experiment Essay Example for Free

Torsional Pendulum Preliminary Experiment Essay Research and equations: As we are working in circular motion, rather than linear motion, the equations that will help me investigate the Torsional pendulum will have to be derived. Here is how it is derived. Using Force= Mass x Acceleration which is what you use for linear motion, this becomes Torque=Moment of Inertia x Angular acceleration. Using Force= -kx from a simple pendulum, this becomes Force=- Torsional Constant x Angular displacement Therefore This can definitely be compared to a=-?2x and becomes However therefore I then found out the exact expression which allowed me to directly work out I and K. The moment of inertia was simply mL2 However for the Torsional constant I first found the formula for the polar moment of inertia which was Ip=?d4/32 and the angle of twist ?=TL/GIp this was rearranged to T= GIp/L where T is the Torsional constant, then substituting in Ip I got Torsional constant= Using the equation I can now substitute in expressions for I and K to get an overall equation which came out to be: T=2? T=Time Period I=Moment of Inertia of the bar L=Length of wire G= Shear Modulus of material d= diameter of wire The following web pages were used to help me derive these equations: http://www.engin.umich.edu/students/ELRC/me211/me211/flash/tors_derivation15.swf http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/301/lectures/node139.html Preliminary Experiment: Aim: To investigate the relationship between Time period and the length of the wire on a Torsional pendulum. Factors to vary and control To ensure a fair test I must make sure that only factors that want to vary will change, therefore as I am investigating the effect of changing the length of wire on the time period I will only vary the length of wire. This means that the following must stay the same: * Mass of the metal bar, including same diameter and length each time, these are all related to the moment of inertia. * Type of wire (material) and its diameter, these are related to the Torsional constant. Diagram: Equipment: * Retort Stand with clamp to hold the wire and bar when oscillating. * Bung cut into two halves so I can change length of string easily. * Metal Bar. * Approximately a meter long wire. * Stopwatch to record the Time periods. * Micrometer to measure diameter of the wire and the metal bar * Meter long ruler to measure out correct lengths of wire and measure length of the bar. Method: * Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram above. * Ensure the wire is fixed firmly around the centre of the bar, so that when left freely it rests in its equilibrium position. * Using 0.1 meters as the starting point, make the length 0.1m using a meter rule, measuring from the base of the bung to the top of the bar at the knot. * Turn the bar 90 degrees anticlockwise and release it, start the stopwatch at the same time of release. * The time period for one complete oscillation is; for the end of the bar to go around clockwise once and changes direction then anticlockwise until it changes again, the moment it stops just before changing direction for a second time is one oscillation. Allow 5 complete oscillations for once length and divide the end time by five. * Record the time period on a suitable table. * Loosen the clamp and increase the length by 0.1m and repeat above steps until approximately 8 results are complete. * Now measure the length of the bar using a meter ruler, and the diameter of the bar using a micrometer. Also measure the length of the wire using a meter ruler and its diameter using a micrometer. Record all these results. To ensure that the experiment is carried out in safe environment I will make sure that I have plenty of space around me, with any obstacles removed to ensure the experiment can run smoothly. Theory: If simple harmonic motion applies, which I am assuming it does as shown in the equations above, also there is a clear similarity between the time period for a Torsional pendulum and for a mass spring system which is simple harmonic motion, as shown in these 2 equations. and Simple harmonic motion is defined as; an oscillation in which the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to its displacement from equilibrium and has a restoring force directed back towards equilibrium. I am investigating for the preliminary experiment the effect on time period when the length of wire is changed. From the equation derived T=2? I can see that theoretically the relationship between time period and length should be T?L0.5. Therefore an increase in length will increase the time period. Results: Length (mm) Time Period (s) Log l log T 100 6.16 -1.00 0.79 200 8.18 -0.70 0.91 300 9.59 -0.52 0.98 400 11.00 -0.40 1.04 500 12.18 -0.30 1.09 600 13.45 -0.22 1.13 700 14.22 -0.16 1.15 800 15.32 -0.10 1.19 Extra Results: Measurement Diameter of wire 0.42mm mass of bar 201.1grams length of bar 204mm Conclusion: From the graph I can come to a simple conclusion that as the length increases the time period increases. However it is obvious that this is not a linear relationship, therefore I need to use log log graphs to help me get the relationship. As I originally worked out that there is a relationship between time period and length for the Torsional pendulum, I can therefore say that T is proportional to l (T? l). However I can change this to T=alb where a and b are constants to be determined. I can determine these using a log log graph where logT=blogl+logA which is in the form y=mx+c Using the values of logT and logl in the results table above, I produced the log log graph below. From the graph you can see that the gradient which is b = 0.4375 And that logA=1.225, therefore to get A I would unlog it, 101.225= 16.788 (3.d.p) So if A= 16.788 and b=0.4283 then the relationship becomes T=16.788 x l0.4375 Evaluation: There are clearly difficulties and problems with this method which will cause inaccuracies in the results. I will now outline the problems and estimate a percentage error for each one. * Measurement of the length of the wire. The meter ruler is accurate to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.5mm, as the smallest division is 1cm. The measurements I made were 10cm to 80cm, therefore maximum error is (0.5mm/100mm) x100= 0.5%, and the minimum error is (0.5mm/800mm) x100= 0.0625% error. Therefore average error is approximately (0.5+0.0625)/2=0.28125%. * There is also error in the time periods as its difficult to know exactly when to stop the stopwatch. You must stop it when it stops and is just about to change direction. However I may stop to early or too late, this causes random error, and therefore time period will be higher or lower than the true value. I predict that this will cause a maximum error of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.5 seconds, this includes the error for a human reaction time, which can only react as fast as 0.1 seconds. Max error for the results I obtained would be (0.5/6.162)x100=8.114% and minimum error (0.5/15.318)x100=3.264%. These errors are very significant and will definitely cause inaccuracies in my results. The time I recorded was accurate to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.05seconds, therefore maximum reading error was (0.005/6.162)x100=0.081%, this is however a lot less significant than experimental error. * The scale is accurate to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.05 grams. Therefore maximum error is (0.05/201.1) x 100 = 0.0249%, therefore this error was not so significant. * The micrometer is accurate to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.005mm, as smallest division is 0.01mm, therefore error for my reading was (0.005/0.41) x 100 = 1.219%, this error was quite significant and a lot larger than I expected. The value for the gradient I obtained was 0.4375, however I was expecting 0.5, therefore there is clearly errors in the time period and length, which is what determined the gradient, with reasons for these errors stated above. The error for the gradient will be the total error of the time and length, therefore approximately 6% error, when adding average most significant error of the time period and length. Using the Equation T=2? I can work out the overall error of my experiment. As 2? x =T and as I found out that T=16.788 x l0.4375 Therefore 2? should be equal to 16.788 if my experiment had no errors. I will now work out how close to this value I actually got. =2? = 14.12 Therefore the total error from what the true value should be is [(16.788-14.12)/16.788] x 100= 15.89% From all the percentage errors above I can see that there are clearly issues with this preliminary experiment and that changes will have to be made for the final experiment to increase accuracy and reduce errors.

The Road of Trials in Literature Essay -- Literary Analysis

In Joseph Campbell’s book, A Hero with a Thousand Faces, the author details a journey he claims that every human must travel.. There are numerous stages in the journey, but one of the biggest stages is the Road of Trials. When the hero reaches the Road, he or she must leave his or her home and complete a series of hurdles and adventures alone. During the journey the hero finds confidence and self assurance. The Road of Trials is essential for the hero’s growth as a person. There are many examples of the Road of Trials in literature, including the epic poem, Gilgamesh, and the alliterative poem, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Both characters in these stories leave their homeland and go on a journey to find themselves and understand where they stand in the world. Before his journey, Gilgamesh, who is half god and half human, does whatever he wants. He sees himself as a god and he acts like one until he meets a man by the name of Enkidu. Enkidu is half man and half animal. As their friendship grows, the two become very close and Gilgamesh begins to act more in line with the human side of himself, as does Enkidu. Gilgamesh’s life comes to an abrupt halt when Enkidu dies. Gilgamesh, who has never felt a loss so dearly before, is determined to bring Enkidu back to life, so he leaves his hometown on a to journey to find the god Utnapishtim. This is where his Road of Trials begins. While wandering in the desert looking for Utnapishtim, Gilgamesh figures out that, â€Å"His life became a quest/To find the secret of eternal life/ Which he might carry back to give to his friend† (Mason, 55). For the first time in his life Gilgamesh thinks of someone else before himself. He had always been drawn to the side of himself that is half god but... ...e back, so how do loved ones keep the deceased in their memory? It is natural to struggle, but with every struggle comes a reward, just as with death comes resurrection. If there were not struggles in life, no one would be resurrected and allowed to grow and to learn. The Road of Trials experiences teach valuable lessons. The Road is not easy, but rather a long and difficult fight. Eventually the hero will return victorious, just as with loss comes restoration. There is no easy formula, but the journey is necessary if humans are to truly live, grow, and change. Works Cited Borroff, Marie. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. A New Verse Translation. New York: Norton, 1967. Print. Campbell, Joseph. The Hero with a Thousand Faces. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1972. Print. Mason, Herbert. Gilgamesh: a Verse Narrative. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1971. Print.

Boeing-Case Study Essay

The key elements of the resistance to change described in the Perrier case are: Lack of communication and the companies inability to inform the employees of what changes affected production at Perrier, the company made excessive changes, the company introduces a series of changes and the people felt the changes were unnecessary, and they were unsure if they would still have the required skills to continue to work for the company. Perrier has made quite a fair amount of changes in a short period of time and they will need to be aware that some people may not agree to the change and might not work to their full potential. Most of Perrier’s employees did not think the changes were necessary for the organization to grow. There were some employees who thought Perrier’s conducted unnecessary changes to impact their normal workload. The latter change was considered as the lack of conviction that change is needed. There was also the Perceived Negative Effect on Interest -this resistance to change will be affected by people’s perceptions of the likely effect of the change on their â€Å"interests†, a term that can cover a wide range of factors including their authority, status, rewards(including salary), opportunity to apply expertise, membership of friendship networks, autonomy, and security. The employees at Perrier were concerned with the implication of the change for themselves and how it may affect their own interests, rather than considering effects for the success of the business. 2. Construct a change management strategy for dealing with this situation. In so doing, identify what approach (es) to managing resistance you recommend and provide a clear justification for your choice. An article by Kotter and Schlesinger provides the classic description on managing the resista†¦

Promote Team Effectiveness

Charles Telfair Institute – Mauritius BSBMGT401A show leadership in the workplace (SIN D0841) ASSESSESSMENT 1 – GROUP PROJECT (WORK RELATED PRACTICAL TASK) GROUP PROJECT COVER SHEET CANDIDATES’ NAMES: Ashveena Moorgawa, Meghna Nagessur and Jessica Sevathiane | We declare this evidence has been produced by the undersigned. Candidates’ Signatures: ____________________________________ Date Submitted: 17/04/2013| ASSESSOR’S NAME: Maryline LAMY| Evidence to be presented: | Part/E| PC| 1st Attempt| 2nd Attempt| Comments| A E1| 1. 1| | | | BE1| 1. 2| | | | CE1| 1. 3| | | | DE1| 1. 4| | | | EE2| 2. 1-2. 3| | | | FE3| 3. 1-3. 6| | | |Assessor to CompleteGeneral Comment:Result Satisfactory Not SatisfactoryAssessor’s Signature: _________________________________ Date: __________________Candidates’ Signatures: ________________________________ Date: __________________Please Note: If a candidate is not satisfied with the assessment outcome he/she may lodge an appeal. | Charles Telfair Institute – Mauritius BSBMGT401A SHOW LEADERSHIP IN THE WORKPLACE (SIN D0841) ASSESSESSMENT 1 – GROUP PROJECT (WORK RELATED PRACTICAL TASK) GROUP PROJECT INSTRUCTIONS Project for: | BSBMGT401A show leadership in the workplace| Due date:| Final submission: Date indicated in the DAS|Description of the Task:| You are required to provide answers to questions related to the three elements of competence. | General overviewThis assessment is designed to give you the opportunity to show you have the skills and knowledge required to show leadership in the workplaceElements covered 1 Model high standards of management performance and behaviour 2 Enhance Organisation Image 3 Making Informed DecisionsRequirements 1 In groups of 3 – 4 students, you are required to address Part A to Part F 2 No word limit is imposed, quality is more important than quantity.Make sure you address all parts of the question and provide sufficient detail to illu strate your answers. 3 Each task is to be word processed and presented in a logical and easy to read format. | Ashveena Moorgawa:| Part A and E| Meghna Nagessur:| Part B and C| Jessica Sevathiane:| Part D and F| Contents Part A6 Answer A. 16 Answer A. 27 Answer A. 38 Part B8 Answer B9 Part C9 Answer C9 Part D9 Answer D10 Part E14 Answer E. 114 Answer E. 215 Answer E. 316 Part F16 Answer F18 â€Å"End of paper†19 Charles Telfair Institute – Mauritius BSBMGT401A SHOW LEADERSHIP IN THE WORKPLACE| SIN D0841) ASSESSMENT A – WORK RELATED TASKS Part A E1 PC1. 1 Read the case study. Write down your responses to the tasks. Case study Jennifer has recently been recruited by a retail store as a frontline manager. Jennifer has previous experience as a team leader but this is her first frontline management position. Her responsibilities include team rosters, coordinating security in her department, managing displays, team member supervision and stock control. 1. Identify wha t Jennifer needs to find out what the organisation expects of her performance and behaviour.Answer A. 1 The function of a front line manager is mainly centered on the daily activities of a department. His role is mainly to do the short term planning, motivate its subordinates and accomplish the day to day task. As Jennifer is also a front line manager, the organization expects her be fair towards all the employees . She should treat all the employees equally. She should be able to organize the roster fairly taking in consideration all the employees. She should be able to identify the right employees and put the right people to work.She should share information with her employees in order for them to know how the work should be done. She should be intelligent in order to know if whether there is a leakage in the information she should be able to handle the problem quickly. Concerning the displays in the retail store Jennifer should be imaginative in order to know what articles should be display to attract customers. She should look at the cleanliness of the store and should be open to listening and learning from other people to know what is the latest trend. Jennifer should be a good leader; she has to be a representative for the employees.Jennifer has to constantly remind the employees the vision, values, goals, standard and image of the organization. Jennifer should always be here to listen, coach and motivate her workers to build an effective work. Jennifer should be able to take effective decision for the team objective. She has to be fair towards all her team member and not favouritism anyone. As a frontline manager, Jennifer should be honest concerning the stock control as employees are going to follow her path and constantly taking note on her behaviour. Jennifer should be trust worth and not afraid to take decision or actions whenever needed.She should be well organize and have a proper recording of the stock. Reference: Management principles 2nd editio n PJ SMIT & GJ DEJ CRONJE 2. What sources of workplace information are available to help Jennifer in establishing the organisation’s requirements? Answer A. 2 The source to help Jennifer establishing the organization requirements , is that, she has to know the policies and procedures, that is, policies is the guidelines adopted by the organization to reach its long term goals and procedures are the action taken to achieve the day to day operations.Jennifer should work the company code of ethics that is the principles and values that directs behaviour of what is good and wrong and it can also influence decision making. Jennifer should know what is the code of conduct, what behaviour is accepted in the workplace and what type of dress should she wear at work. Jennifer has to keep confidential information about her workplace. She should not speak badly about the company and has to know about health and safety. What precautions should be taken for the employees’ in order t o have a safe and health workplace. 3. How could Jennifer monitor her own performance?Answer A. 3 Jennifer can monitor her own performance when she saw that she has achieved the goals that she has set and compare the results with the planned performance. For example her team members are doing the job well as she has trained them or there has been an increase in sales. When the customers are satisfied there will be no complaints at all. She can also monitor her performance when she will get good feedback from her superiors and everyone is satisfied with her job. Also when she will see what she has contributed in the organization. Part B E1 PC 1. 2 Read the case study.Write down your response to the task. Case study Matthew has received advice that the rostering system is to be changed next month. The change means that the organisation will be able to offer extended trading hours to their clients. This should offer them quite an advantage over their competitors. Matthew is concerned t hat several members of the team will be unhappy about the changes. He is aware that several team members will need to make new arrangements for childcare, family arrangements and transport. Describe how Matthew can behave as a positive role model to his team during this period of change.Answer B In this organization, they are planning to change the roster system by next month, where the staff has to extend their working hours. Matthew is concerned that several members will be unhappy about the changes. So being the team leader and also change agent, he has to motivate his team by acting as a positive role model. First Matthew has to be a good decision maker in order to help the staff cope with the changes in the company. Several factors must be taken into consideration while making these changes for example: arrangement for childcare, family and transport.Matthew acting as a positive role model he must have a plan, know how to lead, organise and control. Concerning arrangements for childcare, Matthew can discuss with his top management to see if they can provide the staff with a nursery near the working place. This will allow the parents to focus on their roles, knowing that their children are being cared in a safe environment nearby. For family arrangements, Matthew can consult the finance department in order to see if they can, pay part of exam fees, for staff’s children. They can also provide health care insurance for family members.Health Insurance will pay specified amounts of money to cover medical expenses or treatments. Reference: humanresources. about. comodenefits For transport, Matthew can take organize loan facilities for staff to purchase new car. He can also arrange transport for staff’s children; that is vehicles will fetch the children from school to nursery or willing destination. By this, staff will be at ease as they will know their children are in safe hands. As they will have night shifts, the company will arrange transport, so that the staff will not be facing any difficulties.Being a positive role model Matthew can opt for these benefits. As the company will be more advantageous over their competitors, this will bring it more profit. So, the Team Leader must create a win-win situation whereby both staff and the company will be profitable. A good role model also does what he says, so Matthew will have to keep his promise towards his staff. He must also be open to them, so that they will not hesitate to share ideas concerning the changes in the company. Part C E 1 PC 1. 3 Describe the characteristics of an effective performance plan. Answer CPerformance Planning is designed to assist Leaders and Staff in communicating about performance. Continuous application of these guidelines will ensure that employees know what is expected of them, how they are performing and what can be done to strengthen performance. The characteristics of an effective performance plan are as follows: 1. Demonstrate leadership co mmitment to the process and the plan. To be effective, a performance plan should have commitment of both manager and team member. This may be in terms of resources provided or brainstorming sessions. . Promotes environment of common understanding of goals and priorities. Development plans and performance reviews focus upon coaching and developing employees, for example helping them to reach their full potential. 3. Creates feeling of ownership and team effort among unit members. Showing Trust is the most important. If there is trust, then members will not hesitate to work to their full capacity. Group dynamics will be formed, that is team building among team members. 4. Makes clear alignment of unit initiatives with Vision, Mission and Goals. Vision: A strong vision and the willingness to see through it is one of the most important characteristic. It is a long-term view and concentrates on the future. It can be emotive and is a source of inspiration. * Mission: Defines the fundament al purpose of an organization or an enterprise, succinctly describing why it exists and what it does to achieve its vision. The leader who believes in the mission and works toward it, will be an inspiration and a resource to their followers. * Goal: Goals are for which the firm is striving and the policies by which it is seeking to get there.A goal is sometimes called a roadmap- which is the path chosen to plow towards the end vision. The most important part of implementing the goal is ensuring the company is going in the right direction which is towards the end vision. 5. Promotes coherence in unit programs, services and operations. If the entire team acts without regard for one another or is lacking sense of camaraderie in teamwork, the team leader will need to know quickly and carefully to remedy the situation. (Without cohesion, we don’t have a team) 6. Results in plan that serves a management and decision making tool.Among the most useful tools for planning is SWOT analy sis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats). The main objective of this tool is to analyse internal strategic factors, strengths and weaknesses attributed to the organization, and external factors beyond control of the organization such as opportunities and threats. 7. Communicates clearly the unit priorities to all stakeholders. Effective communication helps keep the team working on the right projects with the right attitude. If we communicate clearly about expectation, issues and advice our stakeholders will be more likely to react and trust our company. . Feedback and performance appraisal Regular feedback combined with yearly performance appraisals is an effective tool for discussing performance issues objectively and specifically with staff. Effective planning increases the likelihood of success for a program while ineffective planning practices almost results in false starts and frustrations. When a group is aware of the characteristics of effective planning and mo nitors the presence of these characteristics formally or informally, they will be a step closer to high quality program.Since it is formal and written, it acts as a guide management for example it can clarify staff expectations. Performance plan can also serve as a benchmark for next review period for setting another performance plan. But what is also important is consistency, coherence and a well coordinated performance plan. The most important stakeholder in the performance plan is the Staff Members, because it is then who will put it into practice. Hence, there should be sense of ownership and motivation. Part D E1 PC 1. 4 Read the case study. Write down your response to the task. Case studyCourtney is responsible for managing a team of eight customer service officers who assist customers by telephone. The procedure for providing telephone service in this organisation is: * greet the customer by name * advise customer of your name * offer to assist them * ask permission before as king them questions * use the customer’s name * do not interrupt them or speak-over them * respect their privacy * be alert to any special needs that they may have * offer additional services where appropriate * thank them for their custom * check whether their needs have been satisfied.Develop a range of key performance indicators that would be suitable to monitor and report on the performance of customer service officers. If you are currently employed you may develop key performance indicators to measure performance in your own work team. Answer D The Key Performance Indicators are used to measure the performance of the organization and its staff. They determine the success of their operations. The key management issue is not what the numbers tells us about the performance but it is what we do with those numbers to resolve the issues that avoid us from performing properly our tasks.Courtney can monitor and report on the performance of her team by implementing as key indicat ors: * Time to answer a call * A call should be answered within the first 10 seconds. * This indicator will measure the time from which the call was received and the time at which the officer answered it. * It measures the customer service center performance rather than the performance of the officers themselves. * This performance indicator depends however on the availability of the officers to answer the calls when they are meant to do so. * Voice quality service This indicator depends on the quality of the call. If the line is of poor quality, the customers and the officers have to repeat themselves continuously and this may lead to high customer frustration and call abandonment. * This indicator will help to know if the technologic equipments are good enough or need to be upgrade or change to be able to treat more efficiently the quieries and reduce customer frustration and call abandonment. * Abandon calls * This indicator will measure the number of callers who disconnect, or a re disconnected, before the calls reach the officers. It measures the customer service center performance rather than the performance of the officers themselves and is however related to Call Handling time. * Call Handling time * This indicator will be measured in seconds; it is the time that an officer will spend on the line with a customer. * The call handling time varies from call to call as it depends on the complexity of the caller’s issue. The more time an officer spend with one call, the less number of calls he/she will be able to treat during the day. * Average call handling time is also a metric for the customer center as a whole and for individuals’ teams. * First call Resolution This indicator will measure the number of issues resolved during the first call and that do not require either the customer to call back or an officer to make an outgoing call to the customer. * This indicator will be indirectly a measurement of the officer performance. The more know ledge the officer will have, more issues he/she will be able to resolve and the higher his/her FCR will be. But it is not an exact measurement because the caller could have call several times before having the right person on the line and the resolution of the call may require the action of someone else such as a supervisor or another department. FCR is difficult to accurately measure and should be evaluated with care. * Repeated calls * This indicator is to measure the number of call from customers who calls several times in order to obtain the assistance they are asking for and who did not get the answers or solutions the first time they called. * Transfer rate * In addition to FCR, this indicator will measure the percentage of calls that an officer has to transfer to someone else to complete; a supervisor or another department. * The reason for the transfer could be the officer’s fault or a request of the caller. * Redundant time/Idle time This indicator will measure the d uration of the unused time the officers will take between two calls. * The idle time should not be more than 5mins, the officer should be able to computerize the information and at the same time give the information to the customer. * The more unused time an officer spend between two calls, the more calls are abandoned. * Hold-On time * This indicator will measure in seconds, the time the officer keeps a caller on hold during a call. * It may be the time needed to look something up or to talk to someone else to find an answer to the caller's issue. The Hold-on time may not be more than 60 seconds. If after 60 seconds the officer has not yet find an answer he/she should take the line and tell the customer that he is still looking for a solution and ask politely to the customer to wait some more or tell him/she that he’s going to call him/her back. * Phone Etiquette * This will measure the quality of the officer's etiquette during the call. * It normally consists of a number of factors, sometimes weighted, that are checked off by a quality monitor listening to the call. The more factors that are checked off, the higher the officer score.These include items such as â€Å"greeted customer by name†, â€Å"spoke in a clear, calm voice†, and â€Å"repeated caller's issue to verify understanding†. * Knowledge and Professionalism * This will measure the quality of the officer's knowledge during the call. * Adherence to procedures * This will measure how well the officer followed the company’s procedures during the call i. e. : * greet the customer by name * advise customer of your name * offer to assist them * ask permission before asking them questions * use the customer’s name * do not interrupt them or speak-over them * respect their privacy * be alert to any special needs that they may have offer additional services where appropriate * thank them for their custom * check whether their needs have been satisfied. * Customer s atisfaction * This will measure how well the officer treated the call. * It is related to the: * Time to answer a call * Voice quality service * First call Resolution * Hold-On time * Phone Etiquette * Knowledge and Professionalism * Adherence to procedures Reference: http://management. about. com/od/metrics/a/Call-Center-Kpi. htm Part E E 2 PC ALL 1. Describe the method you would use to communicate with your senior manager regarding an issue you have identified with the organisation’s standards or values.Answer E. 1 Method that I would use to communicate with my senior manager regarding issues in the organization standards or values would be face to face communication. Face to face communication is the process of sending and receiving message through verbal mean. Face to face communication, both the sender and the receiver can have an interaction, so both of the senior manager and me can exchange our opinion. If we send emails or through phone, message can be misinterpreted, so with face to face communication we can pass our message without changing its meaning.Face to face communication will help me to express my ideas, opinions and making my senior manager understand what the problem is about. As organization standard and values are confidential for an organization meeting face to face the senior manager will be a good option as face to face communication is a personal method. An immediate decision can be taken with face to face communication and we can also discuss over the problem. References: http://www. change communications. htm http://www. brightface-communication 2. How would you respond if you were required to behave in a way that did not align with your personal values? Answer E. If I were required to behave in a way that is not align with my personal values, I would try to bring my own culture and values to the organization where possible and try to implement the values into the organization. I can make a group of employees sit together and identify our common values and see if these values can be implemented in the organization. We can tell the employees to come and report without fear when they see an unethical behaviour. I will try to talk with my senior manager to explain him how we can find a solution to the problem Reference: http://humanresources. about. com. /od/leadership/aleader-values. htm 3.How would you model behaviours to team members that would encourage them to contribute to developing an organisation which has integrity and credibility? Answer E. 3 I would encourage my team members to help to contribute in an organization which has integrity and credibility by adopting the work policies and procedures of the organization. Policies mean the guideline adopted by an organization to reach its long term goals and procedures is the action taken to achieve the day to day operations. Thus the employees will follow the path. When I will communicate to my team members I will talk sense and objectively that is d irectly to the point.I have to talk honestly to my team member I will work with the company code of ethics, that is, principles and values that directs behaviour of what is good and bad. Also the code of conduct what is the dress code so as to set the examples for the team members. Whenever I have made a mistake I should take my responsibility and be truth towards the organization. As a good model to my team I should not accept gifts for my own benefits. I should not talk against the company in public this will bring the company a bad image and influence the employees to do so. Part F E 3 PC ALL Read the case study.Write down your response to the task. Case study Roshani is very concerned. Jordan is the newest member of the team, having recently completed his High School Certificate. Jordan came to Roshani’s office yesterday with a serious complaint. He received an email from a colleague yesterday that included sexually inappropriate material. Jordan surprises Roshani when he tells her that it is commonplace for the team to share inappropriate email jokes and to view inappropriate material on the Internet in the workplace. Jordan wants Roshani to make this behaviour stop without telling his colleagues that he has lodged a formal complaint.Roshani is keen to try the group problem-solving techniques that she has been exploring in her frontline management course. She organises a team meeting with the objective of having the team develop its own solution to this problem. You are to prepare a short report that describes how Roshani and her team could go about resolving the problem of inappropriate use of the Internet and email by team members. Your report should address the following: * gathering and organising relevant information * helping team member to make decisions * examining options and assessing risks * making timely decisions and communicating them preparing a plan to implement their decision * gathering feedback regarding the implementation and im pact of the team’s decision. Answer F REPORT OXIDAM WINES To:| Staff members| From:| Roshani Appassamy – Frontline Manager of Oxidam Wines| Date:| 7th April 2013| Re:| Misuse of internet during working hours| Following the fact that it has been noted with much concern from last month IT analysis worksheet that certain employees share inappropriate email jokes and view sexual material on the Internet during office hours and the staff meeting held on 5th April 2013, please find below what have been discussed and agreed upon.It has been decided that the company’s computers must solely be used to: a) communicate and deliver timely information to the public b) perform research c) stay informed with current events affecting the job responsibilities d) communicate with fellow colleagues, business partners and clients e) communicate with family in case of emergency To avoid: a) misunderstandings and conflicts among the team b) colleagues feeling harassed c) computers an d network infection by viruses d) tampering of important files and clients data ) crashed of the server It has been agreed that: a) â€Å"Chat Programs† like Yahoo Messenger or Microsoft Messenger are not permitted and should be removed immediately. b) â€Å"Chat Rooms† and other types of forums unless related to company research and are company approved, are not permitted. c) Social Networking such as Twitter, Facebook, etc. sites are absolutely not allowed. d) No â€Å"Porno† or other forms of â€Å"Adult Only. † Besides being offensive to employees and customers, it could be grounds for the company to be sued.We would hate for customers to think all we do is surf garbage. This will be grounds for immediate termination. e) â€Å"Personal† anything must be kept to a minimum on company computers. Lunch breaks are not â€Å"Surfing Breaks. † Some employees confessed that they were not aware of the company’s internet use policies as the y did not read the code of ethic which was given to them. Most of them did know that the misuse of internet and sending inappropriate mails was punishable.A new copy of the code of Ethic will be given again to all members of the staff. A form will be attached to it. All employees are requested to read the policies and duly sign the form to acknowledge receipt. Should any employee infringe the company’s computer policies, this will lead to termination of employment without prior notice. A follow-up meeting is schedule for the 10th May 2013, please bring along your comments and any findings. Sources: http://www. iscnetwork. com/cutcosts/companypolicy. shtml â€Å"End of paper†

Italy is a beautiful republic with a deep cultural background

Italy is a beautiful republic with a deep cultural background. Italy has a diverse historical background that left us with beautiful architecture, paintings and music. The long history of Italys great cities, among the most beautiful in the world, have fostered a determined spirit of independent vitality among their citizens, helping them escape the industrial revolution and changes taking place around them (Scarth). LOCATION: Italy is a peninsula, surrounded on thee sides with water, in southern Europe. The bordering countries are Austria, Switzerland, France and Slovenia. The bordering bodies of water are the Mediterranean and Ionian Sea to the south, Adriatic Sea to the east, Tyrrhenian, Ligurian, and Mediterranean Sea to the west. Italy has three major surrounding islands, Sicily, Elba, and Sardinia, as well as several small islands. Italy is separated into two independent countries, San Marino and the Vatican City. Italys geographical coordinates are 43Â °and 11Â ° 14 E. It covers an area of 301,230 square kilometers. 294,020 square kilometers are land, and 7,210 square kilometers are water. It is about the size of Arizona. Italy is often called the boot because of its unique shape. PLACE: Italys terrain is mostly rugged mountains, some plains, and coastal lowlands. 31% of the land is arable, 10% is used for annual crops, 15% is made up of pastures, 23% is made up of forests, and the remaining 21% have a variety of different uses. On the area bordering the Adriatic Sea, the land is sandy, low and surrounded by shallow bodies of water. The western border is composed of bays, gulfs, and other inlets. The Gulf Of Genoa is also located in Western Europe; this serves as a harbor for Genoa. Gulf of Salerno and the Gulf of Taranto are located towards the southeastern side of Italy, extending to the heel of the boot.

Essay Analysis of George Orwells A Hanging

Essay Analysis of George Orwells A Hanging This assignment offers guidelines on how to compose  a  critical analysis of A Hanging, a classic narrative essay by George Orwell. Preparation Carefully read George Orwells narrative essay A Hanging. Then, to test your understanding of the essay, take our multiple-choice reading quiz. (When youre done, be sure to compare your answers with those that follow the quiz.) Finally, reread Orwells essay, jotting down any thoughts or questions that come to mind. Composition Following the guidelines below, compose a soundly supported critical essay of about 500 to 600 words on George Orwells essay A Hanging. First, consider this brief commentary on the purpose of Orwells essay: A Hanging is not a polemical work. Orwells essay is intended to express by example what it means to destroy a healthy, conscious man. The reader never finds out what crime was committed by the condemned man, and the narrative isnt primarily concerned with providing an abstract argument regarding the death penalty. Instead, through action, description, and dialogue, Orwell focuses on a single event that illustrates the mystery, the unspeakable wrongness, of cutting a life short when it is in full tide. Now, with this observation in mind (an observation that you should feel free to either agree with or disagree with), identify, illustrate, and discuss the key elements in Orwells essay that contribute to its dominant theme. Tips Keep in mind that youre composing your critical analysis for someone who has already read A Hanging. That means you dont need to summarize the essay. Be sure, however, to support all your observations with specific references to Orwells text. As a general rule, keep quotations brief. Never drop a quotation into your paper without commenting on the significance of that quotation. To develop material for your body paragraphs, draw on your reading notes and on points suggested by the multiple-choice quiz questions. Consider, in particular, the importance of point of view, setting, and the roles served by particular characters (or character types). Revision and Editing After completing a first or second draft, rewrite your composition. Be sure to read your work aloud when you revise, edit, and proofread. You may hear problems in your writing that you cant see.

Misuse of Connective Symbols with Numbers

Misuse of Connective Symbols with Numbers Misuse of Connective Symbols with Numbers Misuse of Connective Symbols with Numbers By Mark Nichol In each of the following sentences, a connective symbol is employed in a reference to numbers or numerical values, but the usage is incorrect. Explanation of the error, and a revision of the error, follows each example. 1. Open enrollment for 2018 runs from November 1 December 15. A connective symbol linking two values in a number range functions as a replacement for from and to (or between and and), not just the latter word (though only to is pronounced when the number range is read aloud, hence the confusion), so do not precede a number range formatted this way with from (or between): â€Å"Open enrollment for 2018 runs November 1–December 15.† If the word from is retained, to should replace the symbol. (Note also that the symbol should be an en dash, not a simple hyphen- except when a publication’s style guide specifies use of that symbol- and that no letter spaces should intervene.) 2. Five-thousand service members are expected to participate in the event. Hyphenation is used in spelled-out numbers only to link two words representing two place values, as in seventy-five. â€Å"Five thousand† modifies â€Å"service members† but is an open compound: â€Å"Five thousand service members are expected to participate in the event.† Note that large round numbers are often spelled out in isolation but should be treated as figures if other numbers appear in proximity, but numbers should always be spelled out at the head of a sentence. (If doing so is awkward, as in the case of a large precise number such as that representing a year like 2017 that requires more than a couple of words to convey, recast the sentence.) 3. The most fatalities occurred in the 15-24 year old age group. In most books and in some publications, style would dictate that the numbers in this sentence should be spelled out. However, in other content, or in a case in which using numerals is preferable (as when a concentration of numbers occurs), the phrase in which the figures appear should be treated as shown here: â€Å"The most fatalities occurred in the 15- to 24-year-old age group.† (When numbers are spelled out, the sentence should read, â€Å"The most fatalities occurred in the fifteen- to twenty-four-year-old age group.†) The hyphen does not function as a linking symbol connecting two figures in a number range; it links words that are part of a phrasal adjective, an abridgement of â€Å"15-year-old to 24-year-old† in which the first instance of â€Å"year-old† is omitted because it is clearly implicit. (This tactic, called suspensive hyphenation, renders such phrases more concise and less cluttered. In addition, the sentence can be further pared to â€Å"The most fatalities occurred among 15- to 24-year-olds.†) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Definitely use "the" or "a"At Your DisposalWhat the heck are "learnings"?

Film analysis 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Film analysis 2 - Essay Example The gifted jazz musicians try to put together their band. They search for their big hit while their lives are entangled in one night stands and flickering love affairs. The narrative or the genre is uncanny because it is a collection of different genres. It is a musical due to so many musical numbers in the movie. It is also a drama for the characters represent different traits. There is a character played by Jack Carson which is the manic-depressive bandleader, while Elia Kazan plays the free-spirited clarinetist. The movie also incorporates the film noir genre which is probably its highlight. An escaped convict joins the band and starts his affair with the femme fatale, played by Bettie Field. This unholy union proves to be the cause of the band’s destruction. Hence the narrative structure is a collage of different film genres. Storytelling and narrative are similar in the sense that the story incorporates so many genres that it is difficult to establish a conventional ‘storytelling formula’. There are many twists and turns that movie is hardly predictable. It also makes audience confused which is evident by mixed reviews about the movie (Othman, 1941). The way the band gets together is strange but very interesting. Somehow the band members get locked up in the same cell at a police station where they hear a blues singer singing. It is a perfect beginning for the movie as it serves as the hook of the whole plot. The audiences start thinking about this new form band and think whether it will do good or will become oblivion. The New Jersey roadhouse called The Jungle becomes their first performance stage. The way screenwriters connect the bad with this roadhouse is through a character named Del. the meeting between the two is so strange that the character first robs them and then shows them the way to the roadhouse. After watching the movie the audiences might feel a little

Design option evaluation report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Design option evaluation report - Essay Example Moreover, direct radiation are normally scattered by the atmosphere (Heard, 2006). Alterations of temperature have been depicted to appreciably affect reaction speed for particular trace compounds. Facts that strongly influence the design of a smog chamber and its corresponding auxiliaries for studying reactions under diverse simulated tropospheric conditions are mainly concentration of chemicals and temperature. Low concentration of members within the chemical reactions presents both analytical complications and stringent demands on the underlying cleanliness of the air utilized to make up the reaction mixture (Burrows, Borrell & Platt, 2011). Humidity ought to be controlled. The materials of construction ought not to introduce appreciable concentrations of impurities or react with the existing components of the reaction mixture (Heard, 2006). The radiation sources employed for irradiation of the smog chamber contents ought to simulate the intensity and peculiar distribution existing within the lower troposphere in the spectral locations and corresponding temporal distributions in the reaction chamber ought to be as even as feasible. In China, some small volume smog chambers have been developed to study gas-phase kinetic mechanisms, which precisely temperature controlled indoor smog chamber made of FEP Teflon film to study the SOA formation. Nevertheless,the small volumes of these smog chambers impact the disadvantage of relatively large wall effects thus making it cumbersome for the experiments of long durations. There exist numerous means to study photochemical smog, with the most common one being utilizing data from a smog chamber to establish a reaction model (Burrows, Borrell & Platt, 2011). Smog chamber facility is utilized to excite atmosphere photochemical reactions processes through irradiating primary pollutants namely NOz and corresponding hydrocarbons within the chamber. In 1952, a serious case of

Dutch Revolt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Dutch Revolt - Essay Example In Middle Ages there were tree independent dukedoms: Gelderland and Brabant, counties of Holland, Zeeland and Flanders, and episcopacy of Utrecht. In 1370 in order to protect own interests the cities of Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht as well as the episcopacy of Utrecht established trading-political Hanseatic League. It carried out in practice the intermediation between West, North and East Europe and had a trading hegemony in Northern Europe. In the XV century there was a beginning of state main political institutions formation. The protoplast of future parliament - The States-General - was framed in 1463. Since 1482 the territory of Nederland was a part of Habsburg's realm, and since 1556 a part of Spanish Habsburg's realm. During the times of Charles V regiment (1500 - 1558), there was completed the process of integration with contemporary Belgium and Luxemburg and later on formed the one and undivided state of Hole Roman Empire. In this period of time the term "Dutch Republic" came into existence. In economically developed regions there were circulated monetary rent and different kinds of short-term lease; there were formed the order of farmers who do for on the entrepreneurial basis. There was forming the bourgeoisie and was germinating proletariat. The "proletariat (from Latin proles, offspring) is a term used to identify a lower social class; a member of such a class is proletarian. Originally it was identified as those people who had no wealth other than their sons; the term was initially used in a derogatory sense, until Karl Marx used it as a sociological term to refer to the working class"2.Notwithstanding Spanish authorities were constantly trying to suspend the development of Netherlands. There was inquisition put into action, all people that were in bed odor with it were put to torture. In this time of spiritual oppression and political coercion in Netherlands the new religion doctrine of Calvinism, that is a "system of Christian theology and an approach to Christia n life and thought within the Protestant tradition articulated by John Calvin, a Protestant Reformer in the 16th century, and subsequently by successors, associates, followers and admirers of Calvin, his interpretation of Scripture, and perspective on Christian life and theology"3. Calvinism got its broad spread and opposed itself to theological system of Catholicism.Impassioned and filled inside with religious protest the population of Netherlands excited iconoclast movement destroying icons, statues of Saints and other matters of religion cult. . Relegated Spanish vindicatory army started the severest terror. Finally it flamed up the nationwide war, which got the name of Eighty Years War or Dutch Revolt (1566 -1648).The laboratory movement was headed by William of Orange. It should be mentioned that the struggle against Spanish enslavers pushed forward the increase of national self-consciousness. Exactly this period of time is connected with becoming of Dutch nation and language.

The Relationships between Organizational Culture, Total Quality Essay

The Relationships between Organizational Culture, Total Quality Management Practices and Operational Performance - Essay Example The paper will begin with the description of what quality actually is and why is it important for a company to integrate the element of quality in all of the business processes. Quality means to achieve excellence the business processes, such as, product manufacturing and provision of services to the customers. Any organization or a company can satisfy the stakeholders and the customers only if it provides them with quality in the products and services that they use. Quality is the key to organizational success as it leads the companies towards market domination. â€Å"Quality should be aimed at total customer satisfaction with the product or service you are selling†. Quality also means to seek continuous improvement in the products and services that are manufactured by any organization. Two important aspects of quality include quality control and quality assurance. Quality control is a process, which is employed in order to ensure the required level of excellence and quality in a product or service delivered by a company. Quality assurance, on the other hand, is a process in which products manufactured by a company are checked for quality in every stage in order to know whether those products meet customers’ expectations or not. If we talk about total quality management, we can say that it is implemented in a company to ensure that the products and services delivered by the company to the customers meet the quality standards. It is an integrated organization-wide philosophy, which aims to provide continuous improvement to the quality of the products and services in order to make them productive for a company. ... Total quality management practices should be based on some established quality standards, such as, ISO 9000 series and ISO 9001 series. The companies using TQM approach believe in the importance of knowledge for organization’s success. TQM makes use of employees’ knowledge to create innovative and high quality products for the customers. Talking about total quality management, we can say that it acts as the foundation for an organization’s success because without implementation of an effective quality management system, no organization can be able to manufacture premium quality products. The role of people in TQM is to put every effort in the development of high quality products in order to increase customer satisfaction. Employees and the management staff of a company put mutual efforts for achieving goals and objectives of the company. One of the main requirements of implementing quality standards is the establishment of measurable objectives by the company, wh ich adopts any specific series of quality standards. Another requirement is that employees of a company should feel their responsibility and should know how to achieve the goals and objectives related to quality set by the managers of the company. For example, ISO 9000: 2000 requires quality to be the first priority for every employee working for any organization. According to the ISO 9000:2000 standards, for any product, managers should first identify the product requirements by analyzing the demands of the customers, analyzing basic and essential requirements of the product, analyzing statutory and legal regulations regarding the product, and determining any additional requirements related to the

Does consuming Vitamin C reduce the risk of having a cold Research Paper

Does consuming Vitamin C reduce the risk of having a cold - Research Paper Example We call it infection. An infected person is the one whose body has been penetrated with microbes such as Viruses, Bacteria or Fungi. As the microbes continue to grow in the body, the disease gets severe until the person infected is killed. Viral infection occurs when tiny disease-causing particles, called a virus, enter the body and begin multiplying. More than 400 different viruses are known to cause infections in humans. (Natural Standard Research Collaboration, 2011)[1] Most commonly known viruses that cause diseases are common cold, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, HIV, Influenza (flu). How are we protected from diseases? To protect from attacks and damage from microbes, God has created human beings with many defensive techniques. The first barrier against the microbes is human skin. Unless the skin is cut, and blood comes out, microbes cannot enter the body. Second protection is white blood cells which are there in the body to defend us. White blood cells eat microbes and also hunt the m down before they can mix in the red blood cell. White blood cells also produce antibodies. Antibodies are natural destroyer of microbes. The antibodies are produced automatically as soon as a microbe enters the human body. For every single type of microbe, a new type of antibodies is made. The third thing that protects microbes from entering our body is hairs in our nose. They catch microbes which are in air or atmosphere. The fourth thing that protects microbes is mucus, a sticky substance that lines nose and windpipe and also washes microbes away from the eyes in tears. In spite of the researches and efforts by human being, the microbes keep entering the human body constantly and make people ill. Those who are infected when do not take necessary medicine on time let the microbes grow to the extent that can kill them. In general all viral infection cause fever and the body uncomfortable which in common terms we call â€Å"sick† or â€Å"ill†. However the sign and sy mptoms depend upon the severity of infection and the type of virus which infected the body. The only way to cure viral infections is to make the body produce antibody which can destroy the viral microbes. The antibiotics made by scientist only cure microbes of type â€Å"bacteria†. However, microbes of type â€Å"virus† do not destroy by antibiotics. Scientists have found a new way to cure virus microbes. This new process is called â€Å"immunization†. A body is immunized when a â€Å"vaccine† is injected in to the bloodstream. This vaccine contains the microbes that cause the disease. The microbes in vaccine are slightly modified. They are either dead or weakened or some portion of it is used. After the injection white blood cells make antibodies against the microbes that were injected by the vaccine. Hence we say that our body is now immunized from a particular viral disease. Any time in future, when a microbe of this type enters the body, it is immedia tely recognized and the army of antibodies comes into action by attacking, hunting and destroying it preventing the body from the viral disease. What is cold? Cold is a viral disease. When a person is infected by cold virus, his throat soars. As the virus grows in the body, the eyes, nose and ears all start to pain. It may raise temperature and cause fever. The effect of cold and flu virus on an individual body depends on the army of antibodies the body posses. Larger army of antibodies

The Relationships between Organizational Culture, Total Quality Essay

The Relationships between Organizational Culture, Total Quality Management Practices and Operational Performance - Essay Example The paper will begin with the description of what quality actually is and why is it important for a company to integrate the element of quality in all of the business processes. Quality means to achieve excellence the business processes, such as, product manufacturing and provision of services to the customers. Any organization or a company can satisfy the stakeholders and the customers only if it provides them with quality in the products and services that they use. Quality is the key to organizational success as it leads the companies towards market domination. â€Å"Quality should be aimed at total customer satisfaction with the product or service you are selling†. Quality also means to seek continuous improvement in the products and services that are manufactured by any organization. Two important aspects of quality include quality control and quality assurance. Quality control is a process, which is employed in order to ensure the required level of excellence and quality in a product or service delivered by a company. Quality assurance, on the other hand, is a process in which products manufactured by a company are checked for quality in every stage in order to know whether those products meet customers’ expectations or not. If we talk about total quality management, we can say that it is implemented in a company to ensure that the products and services delivered by the company to the customers meet the quality standards. It is an integrated organization-wide philosophy, which aims to provide continuous improvement to the quality of the products and services in order to make them productive for a company. ... Total quality management practices should be based on some established quality standards, such as, ISO 9000 series and ISO 9001 series. The companies using TQM approach believe in the importance of knowledge for organization’s success. TQM makes use of employees’ knowledge to create innovative and high quality products for the customers. Talking about total quality management, we can say that it acts as the foundation for an organization’s success because without implementation of an effective quality management system, no organization can be able to manufacture premium quality products. The role of people in TQM is to put every effort in the development of high quality products in order to increase customer satisfaction. Employees and the management staff of a company put mutual efforts for achieving goals and objectives of the company. One of the main requirements of implementing quality standards is the establishment of measurable objectives by the company, wh ich adopts any specific series of quality standards. Another requirement is that employees of a company should feel their responsibility and should know how to achieve the goals and objectives related to quality set by the managers of the company. For example, ISO 9000: 2000 requires quality to be the first priority for every employee working for any organization. According to the ISO 9000:2000 standards, for any product, managers should first identify the product requirements by analyzing the demands of the customers, analyzing basic and essential requirements of the product, analyzing statutory and legal regulations regarding the product, and determining any additional requirements related to the

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 26

Research Paper Example However, marked differences can be observed between the film adaptation and the original short story despite both of them being based on similar subjects. This paper will attempt to highlight the differences between the two - The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Sleepy Hollow – and will try to compare the two based on elements including plot, characterization, and theme. It is quite common that books being adapted into films lack consistency. While the author may have chosen to present the story line in a different manner, there are many aspects of the story that are not retained during film making. Similar is the case with the film, Sleepy Hollow, which although follows largely the same story line, but differs on the basis of several aspects. The plot for a large part follows the similar super natural scheme as the original short story. The para-normality is one aspect of the original plot that is particularly retained including the use of the same time period. This adds a tinge of horror in the film. For the most part, the plot is changed where Ichabod works in forensics as part of the police while the original story depicted Ichabod as a teacher. This change significantly affects the story line where Ichabod instead of being stupefied becomes determined to find the truth behind the horse rider. The story is extended to include the depiction that the headless horse rider is actually a ghost of a mercenary who died during the revolutionary war. Then follows a story where Ichabod attempts to uncover the truth behind the apparition of the headless horse rider. The change in the story line produced several changes into the characterization of Ichabod, Brom, Katrina, and the inclusion of other characters. In the short story, Ichabod’s character is displayed as having many flaws despite being a strong character. Ichabod while

A Cultural Comparison - Romanian vs. Canada Essay Example for Free

A Cultural Comparison Romanian vs. Canada Essay Authored by Cristina Hurà © 2 November, 2012 International Communication Supervised by Professor Jeanine Deen Word Count: 2440 Abstract The paper discusses the comparison between the Canadian national values displayed by Rogers Communications and Romanian national values displayed by COSMOTE Romania through their commercial advertising and how they do so. The research findings use Hofstede’s cultural dimensions to classify the behavioural differences amongst Canadians and Romanians and thereafter identify the variations in cultures and values. Furthermore, Hofstede’s country scores determine what kind of cultural differences exist among both countries while examining the individualism- collectivism (IC) dimension, the masculinity-femininity dimension (MF) and uncertainty avoidance (UA). Keywords: Canada, Romania, Cultural Dimensions, Hofstede, individualism- collectivism (IC), masculinityfemininity (M F), uncertainty avoidance (UA), national values. Introduction To begin, the cultural dimensions used throughout this research consist of three out of five dimensions created by Hofstede being the individualism- collectivism (I-C) dimension, the masculinity-femininity dimensions (M F), and uncertainty avoidance (UA). They are compared in COSMOTE Romania’s and Rogers Communications’ TV commercials. Both COSMOTE Romania and Rogers are wireless communication networks providers. To understand COSMOTE Romania and Rogers’ underlying principles, that are also connected to their consumers national values, their slogans can be identified as â€Å"our world is you† (COSMOTE Romania) and â€Å"your most reliable network† (Rogers). The first comparison deals with individualism displayed in the Canadian commercial and the collectivist/familial aspect displayed in the Romanian commercial. In addition, the MAS index is used. The Romanian commercial demonstrates â€Å"femininity† in the sense that two men are caring for each other and COSMOTE Romania takes pride in being able to connect these two, or people in general, because in Romanian dominant values in society are caring for others and quality of life. The Canadian commercial demonstrates a high standard of performance, and this is why Rogers Wireless sells â€Å"as your most reliable network.† In the commercial(s) the actors are usually presented in a business setting, where two men are being compared. One has a phone that runs off a Rogers network and he is very efficient with all his business matters, while the other is inefficient because he doesn’t have a Rogers phone and never has service, or applications that contribute to his work performance. Furthermore, to compare the uncertainty aspect, the Canadian UAS index is very low, meaning that they are more willing to accept new changes, such as new wireless networks or mobile phones in this case. COSMOTE Romania may offer new phones and new services, however, their message doesn’t focus on new technology, it focuses on making it easier to maintain traditional aspects of society, such as interpersonal relationships and familial bonds. The message is clear that they help connect people, and their slogan directly translated â€Å"our world is you† also demonstrates the caring/feminine aspect of Romanian culture. Hofstede’s Country Scores Literature Review The primary source of information used throughout, is Hofstede’s book, Cultures and Orgagnizations : Software of the Mind. It is important to understand his cultural dimensions and define them in order to comprehend the basis of this research. The first dimension is individualism vs collectivism. Cultures that display individualistic characteristics are thought to be independent and only take care of themselves and their immediate families. This defines the â€Å"I† culture. On the contrary, collectivist cultures work together and take care of one another, while their identity pertains to the â€Å"we† culture. The second dimension of masculinity – femininity refers to cultures that can associate and value achievement, heroism, assertiveness and material reward for success (masculine) vs. cooperation, modesty, caring for the weak and quality of life. In a feminist culture, citizens look out for one another and aim to achieve consensus. The final dimension that is used to examine the commercial advertisements is uncertainty avoidance. This dimension compares those cultures that are uncomfortable with the uncertainty and such as unforeseeable results relating to business concepts, for instance. Countries with strong UAI aim to control the future instead of allowing it to happen and maintain rigid attitudes. In comparison, countries with a weak UAI score are more relaxed and will allow for a life without strict plans and control. (Hofstede, 2010) A Romanian professor, Nicolae Bibu, from West University Timisoara also identifies Romanian culture characteristics as being collective and feminist with high uncertainty avoidance, which supports Hofstede’s country scores. He writes a piece named Convergences of the Romanian societal culture with European culture clusters in the process of European integration. The role of intercultural teams management in increasing European cohesion and analyzes Romanian culture as an Eastern European (EE) country as he finds that most EE countries have similar societal values. He states that â€Å"EE cluster’s societal values is characterized by much more performance, future oriented, humane, lower level of power differentiation, a higher level of structure (uncertainty avoidance), and a higher level of gender egalitarianism. The profile of Romanian societal values is quite similar to EE scores.† (Bibu, 2008) Canadian culture, being highly individualistic with low uncertainty avoidance is supported by three authors Scott J. Vitell Saviour L. Nwachukwu James H. Barnes as they write their piece The Effects of Culture on Ethical Decision-Making: An Application of Hofstedes Typology. 3 This paper deals with the way different cultures approach ethical business practices and their notions of what is ethical, depending on their national values as described by Hofstede. The authors compare individualistic cultures with low uncertainty avoidance and use Canada and the US to compare them to Japan, having opposing values. Their research describes the way business practitioners behave when making ethical decisions. Canadian business practitioners consider themselves to be primary stakeholders whereas; the Japanese would consider other employees and stakeholders to be more important. (Vitell; Nwachukwu; Barnes, 1993) This highlights the differences between cultures high and individualism and those who are high on collectivism. Romania would be in line with the Japanese culture on this score. This research paper supports the findings while comparing Romanian and Canadian commercials as it defines similar behaviours in business practitioners than in the messages portrayed in the commercials being analyzed. Thus, the examples the authors offer demonstrate and explain how the different behaviours reflect national values. Method Primary Research To determine whether or not Hofstede’s country scores based on individualism- collectivism (IC), masculinity-femininity (MF) and uncertainty avoidance (UA), participant observation was used in a natural setting, with a narrative recording. Thereafter, the findings have been applied to determine if it would be logical for the Romanian commercial to display collectivist, feminist aspects of society with a high level of uncertainty avoidance and if it would also be logical for the Canadian commercial to display individualist and masculine aspects of society with a low level of uncertainty. Having visited Romania several times and more recently, I observed the way people interacted with one another and drew conclusions regarding their mindset that would reflect their cultural values. Three age groups were observed: 20-30, 45-55, 75-85. For Canada, the knowledge gained from growing up in the country is used and the same age groups are kept into consideration. Secondary Research COSMOTE Romania offers information on their vision, stance and philosophy which is found on their website. This was used to identify their purpose and relate it to the ways COSMOTE projects themselves through their commercials. Rogers Wireless also offers plenty of information on their corporate website which was used to compare the same internal message that they project to the public. In addition, Hofstede’s country scores and cultural dimensions and the additional sources that offer patterns of behaviour with opposing cultural dimensions are used to support the validity of commercial messaging intending to relate to cultural values (see literature review). Results Cultural values are most obvious in older age groups. However, depending on familial values and personality, some may be carried down to the younger generations as it has been apparent. Spending a weekend in Brasov, Romania, a group of three males, aged 21-30 were observed in their interactions with their girlfriends and amongst each other. All three males will be named X, Y and Z for this narrative recording. X and Y are childhood friends, where as Z is a recent acquaintance. All three males displayed caring qualities for each other even with the new acquaintance. They look out for one another in the sense that they offer all their belongings without any question. The same goes for the females, 1, 2 and 3. 1 and 2 are cousins and 3 is a recent acquaintance as well. Female 3 invited the new females 1 and 2 into her home with male Z instead of having them find a hotel to stay for a weekend. All members greet each other very closely by kissing each other on the cheek and the host will always have drinks or food to offer the guests. The guests always bring a gift to the host as sign of respect. A bizarre observation: the birthday girl pays for all her invitees. She is celebrating herself so she doesn’t see why others should pay for her if she wants to have the people she is closest with spend her birthday with her. This displays the collectivist aspect of Romanian culture. In addition, all grandparents consider it their duty to care for their grandchildren while grandparents will always be taken care of by their children even if it means taking them into their home until the end of their lives. Similar observations were made amongst the other age groups. Family and relationships are very important in Romania, and everyone is a team player. More obviously amongst the elders, order is very important. They appreciate certainty and do not take risks for the sake of living. Plans are important to be followed and decisions are made very ethically and logically. This is obvious in the way the elders interact with me, being one of a younger generation and even the advice they give about future plans and career paths. Romanian’s appreciate the relationships they have with their friends and family over material goods (a fast car, brand name items etc.) This is due to the fact that average salary in Romania is very low and thus, they try to appreciate what they already have instead of seeking material goods that are difficult to afford in the first place. Another factor that contributes to the high level of uncertainty avoidance is the communist regime that was led by Ceaucesc u until 1989. Those who lived in his time still maintain a rigid code of conduct. Ceaucescu’s regime ruled around the fact that the government must know everything about all citizens. There are no secrets so that no citizen could have any information to over through the government. In Canada, family isn’t always number one. There are many more families that are distant and don’t follow their day to day lives or check up on each other regularly than in Romania. People are risk takers. They seek instant gratification rather than carefully planning out what to do the next day, what to do with their lives in general, and what logical decision to take. Having European friends in Canada and Canadian ones as well, the differences in values are more obvious when visiting their homes. The atmosphere is different. They don’t have offerings for their guests, and the guest isn’t expected to bring an offering in return. Dinner is usually made separately from the parents or re st of the family. Everyone seems to be on their own in practice, which exemplifies the more individualist aspect of Canadian culture. Work will come before family, as has been observed. It seems like there is always competition, representing the masculine aspect of society. Material goods represent success. There are plenty of opportunities in Canada to achieve over average salaries. Due to the fact that people are individualistic and there are no expectations to care for those who are beyond their immediate families, they can focus on their business success which in turn gives them a competitive edge to be the best. This doesn’t necessarily start in school as has been observed among my friends, but when it’s time to enter the work place, money is very important. This of course also depends on personality and the family background or history. In Canada, â€Å"innovation† is a regularly used word when companies are describing their values. This again, represents the lower uncertainty avoidance as Canada’s cultural values don’t include a rigid structure and are more laid back. Thus, innovation is valued even though new ideas may or may not work risk is exciting. Conclusion By reflecting on what life in Canada is like, and by having analyzed the different interactions amongst people in Romania, it is safe to say that Hofstede’s country scores are indeed accurate. Romania is a collectivist, feminist society with a high level of uncertainty avoidance. Canada is an individualist, masculine society with a low level of uncertainty avoidance. The commercials display these findings by symbolizing values through behaviour. COSMOTE Romania’s commercial shows an elderly man, and a middle aged one both sitting on a bench. The elderly man see’s a butterfly and asks the man sitting next to him â€Å"what is that?† The man responds, â€Å"a butterfly.† The same question is asked three times before the middle aged man is frustrated. When the elderly man asks the middle aged one to read a passage from a book he shows him, the story unfolds. The middle aged man used to ask his father (the elder) over and over what that (the butterfly) is and his father would answer every time, without anger or frustration. This defines the care the father showed his young son, and how the now grown up son should treat his father. Here, the symbol of a feminist, collectivist society is obvious. The message at the end of the commercial is â€Å"we are offered so much time to talk, but we don’t find the time to listen† and COSMOTE’s network helps you find that time to listen. The Rogers commercial shows two business men having lunch, and one is anxious because he has to get back to work in time, as his cell phone doesn’t offer the same capabilities that the other man’s does. The man with the Rogers cell phone is able to do some work while he’s having lunch so he doesn’t have to rush back to his desk to finish his work. This demonstrates the masculine and individual aspect of society as one man is ahead of the other in his work, and it symbolizes a sort of competition. They don’t work together as they are looking out for individual needs. Also, the message Rogers carries across is a rise in technological innovations making it obvious that uncertainty avoidance in Canadian culture is low. Limitations to the research include the limited settings of interpersonal interaction in Romania and also, the fact that I was not able to visit Canada again, my observations were based on the general knowledge and experiences I had encountered in the past. There were not many publications or research available on Romanian and Canadian values and how they are represented in society or through marketing communications. However, due to the fact that I have been close to Romanian and Canadian culture, I was able to relate my findings in accordance to the messages and values displayed in both commercials and identify the accuracy in Hofstede’s country scores. Commercial Links COSMOTE Romania http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sc-76rGfVBk Rogers Communications http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V15Cfnwo8Lsfeature=related Works Cited Bibu, N.(2000). Comparative Management. The cultural approach. Mirton Publishing House, Romania, pp.9-10. Accessible at http://ssrn.com/abstract=1156343 Mooij, M de (2009). Global Marketing and Advertising. Understanding Cultural Paradoxes. Sage publications. Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G.J Minkov M. (2010). Cultures and Organizations : Softwares of the Mind . Published by McGraw-Hill. Pepenel, Madelaine; Voicu Ioana-Iulica.(2010). The Organisational Structure of Telecommunications Companies Case study: The OTE Group. Accessible at http://ssrn.com/abstract=1804512 Roper, Steven D. (1994). The Romanian revolution from a theoretical perspective. Communist and Post-Communist Studies.Volume 27, Issue 4, December 1994, Pages 401–410. Accessible at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0967067X94900043 Vitel l, Scott J.; Nwachukwu, Saviour L.; Barnes, James H. (1993). The Effects of Culture on Ethical Decision-Making:An Application of Hofstedes Typology. Journal of Business Ethics 12: 753—760. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Accessible at: http://wwwkrcmar.informatik.tumuenchen.de/lehre%5Clv_materialien.nsf/intern01/632C3F7767 61A11BC1257871005959C6/$FILE/Paper%2018.pdf Verluyten, Paul S. (2010) Intercultural Skills for International Business and International Relations: A Practical Introduction with Exercises. Published by: ACCO, Belgium. Samovar, Larry A; Porter, Richard E; McDaniel, Edwin R; Roy, Carolyn S. (2010). Communication Between Cultures, 8th edition, International edition. Published by: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Websites http://geert-hofstede.com/dimensions.html http://www.rogers.com/web/Rogers.portal?_nfpb=true_pageLabel=about_landingcustomer_t ype=Residential http://www.cosmote.ro/en/WhoWeAre.aspx?style=stylesns=-10002cid=17218

Ebays Strategy Information System

Ebays Strategy Information System Every time, the digital technology is evolution. Electronic business (e-business) is one of digital economic that grows up. The term used to describe the information systems and applications that support and drive business processes, most often using web technologies (The National B2B Centre Limited, unknown date). E-business has been implementation on Internet and the society since many years. It is a new way for companies and people do business today. The integration of a companys activities is establish with e-business including products, procedures, service. It exist many business model on the Web as e-mall, portal, auctions, communities of interest or value chain service provider (McKeown, 2003, page 220). The purpose of this article will descriptive and analyse the realising the benefits of Strategy Information System (SIS) through an on-line business as eBay Inc. In 1995, Pierre Omidyar has created auction on-line for customer-to-customer and business-to-consumer (Hsiao, unknown date). Today, the worldwide is auction leader. There is a hundreds of millions of buyers and sellers that connect every day. The undertaking is going from strength to strength. In 2009, the revenue of organization exceeds more 8 billion dollars (Jain, 2009, page 5). The article concludes with the examining of impact of government policy it. Strategy Information System (SIS) SIS adopting SIS as a strategic IS/IT or competitive information systems, represents a fundamental refocusing of the IS activities away from the previous back room attitudes towards the market place in which the organisation works (Pritam, 2010,Chapiter 2). The objective of SIS provide increase efficiency the process automate existing information flows and operations that constitutes a sustainable and significant competitive edge (PEPPARD, 1993, page 13). Why they adopting SIS? Companies use SIS in order to try to do change the industry structure and thereby to disturb the competitive forces in a market. It enables to give a high quality service, creates new product and saving cost thereby to obtain business competitive advantage over their competition (PEPPARD, 1993, page 13). SIS for competitive advantage The competitive advantage helps the company to maintain their efficiency and strategic position thereby decrease a competitive disadvantage and meet other strategic enterprise objectives (Phillips, 2005). Porter defined competitive advantage as growing fundamentally out of the value a firm is able to create for its buyers (Peppard, 1993, Chapter 3, page 54). Innovation strategy: Implement electronic commerce is need strategies to counter these threats for companies. They should emphasize innovation, because innovation is the one thing that is most difficult for other companies to imitate (McKeown, 2003, page 235). It is a new service including a new way to do business: buy and sell real-time. EBay develop unique auction markets with the assistance of IS, it is a disruptive technology for shop locally. Auction of principle is the buyers enter competitive bids and sellers enter competitive offers at the same time. The price a stock is traded represents the highest price that a buyer is willing to pay and the lowest price that a seller is willing to sell(Investopedia, unknown date). With Internet, the buyers can to introduce and sell more easily their product and capture large customer contrary auction classic. The sellers can know the latest news and information from all around the world in just a blink of time by access to internet (MengHan, 2007). People can start a business or to get rid of thing through eBays website. Internet constitutes a gain time. One of benefit of SIS is the eBay havent got inventory and saving cost. Moreover, it is the first on-line auction that constitutes an advantage on market. Differentiation through better services In 2002, revenues of company decreased following an incident that loss of confidence between buyers and sellers. To remedy this eBay created a system that enables customers to rate their sellers. This step helped to improve consumer comfort, which is a key factor in e-procurement strategies (Troy, 2010). The system of eBay is strong, company use Greenplum to manage one kind of data (DBMS, 2009). EBay develop many services, software and tools for customers need and delivering value and solution to problem: Skype: an Internet communication offering, allowing people everywhere to make unlimited voice and video communication for free between the users of Skype software (eBay, unknown date). PayPal: it is system that facilitates the transaction and security. EBay acquires an acquisition price of $1.5 billion. It is enables any individual or business with an email address to securely, easily and quickly send and receive payments online. PayPals service builds on the existing financial infrastructure of bank accounts and credit cards and uses the worlds most advanced proprietary fraud prevention systems to create a safe payment solution. (eBay, unknown date) Software Developer Kit (SDK) is an application for the eBay API. Application Programmers Interface (API) is an active member of the eBay Developers program, offers eBay certified solutions to automate listing lifecycle processes. (Intechnic company, unknown date) The benefits of eBay Integration is integration of the eBay API will increase your revenue while decreasing operating expenses, improving the efficiency and cost effectiveness of your eBay operations in all phases of the listing lifecycle. Furthermore, eBay API integration can also be used to quickly retrieve large amounts of information about other listings on eBay which can be automatically processed, analyzed, and presented to you in a report from which you can use to identify income opportunities. There is a multitude of additional applications and advantages of eBay API Integration and Intechnic Corporation can create a modular, scalable solution tailored to your companys needs and goals. (Intechnic company, unknown date) EBay Tools as solutions to improve the use of eBay developing with Java and J2EE which simplify the buying and selling process by providing functionality for listing multiple items, creating templates for repeated use, inventory management, sales and account management, email tools, and financial reporting. (Chen, 2005) Solution for buyers via eBays website that are payment as e-learning (figure 2). Community around customer services as show Illustration 2. eBay strives to provide high quality customer service, with the help of many different technologies to provide online support, such as chat rooms, discussion boards, and frequently asked questions. (Chen, 2005) Every year, eBay improve the quality and customer service in developing or design tools and architecture. This notion links other strategy that is customer-orientation strategy. The benefits are a available all time to support customers and a detailed customer service information can cut down on phone calls to the company. Cost leadership strategy The firm offer the services at the lowest cost in the industry. Indeed, eBay offer to buyers and sellers to doing business on Internet with a physical presence in the exchange is now no longer necessary. They dont pay to be present or transport. So, eBay provides virtual space and software tools and reduce their cost for people. (Hemmatfar, 2010) About eBay, there are not inventory since its customers supply the product thereby reducing their cost without logistics and supply. Growth strategy: externalisation and accessible The base of business is founded by technology that have a lot of advantage and successful as Internet connecting all the people of the world very closely (MengHan, 2007), so technology facilitates the function of auction market. EBay Marketplace has a powerful online platform for the sale of goods and services and offers localized sites in the following markets as Asia Pacific, Europe, North America and Latin America (eBay, unknown date). In addition, the eBays pages are translated many languages as English, French, Spanish or Chinese that allows to be externalisation and accessible for many countries. Appropriate strategic alliances The firm establishes new business linkages and alliances with suppliers, customer, other companies or competitors for develop and perform their high software and services. Higher architecture The eBay infrastructure is compound a fifteen thousand servers. This environment is a software-as-a-service. New features are deployed every two weeks to both core and international platforms. Starting with C++ and moving to Java, XML, and HTML, in half an hour and deploy it automatically to QA or stage it to production. Strong hopes to accelerate development to a monthly, rather than quarterly, cadence. Managing a rapidly-evolving infrastructure to minimize the latency of process that end users, both buyers and sellers, experience is an everyday reality (MacFarland, 1996). For example, with the design a new architectural with Java technology and MSXML eBay have many benefits are a new architecture expected to handle growth in transaction volumes and increased number of registered users over the next 5 years and beyond-learning to eBay become a $3 billion dollar company. More than 25% architectural framework and design reuse helping to significantly speed development cycle. Moreover, perceptible improvement in application performance-faster, more efficient page loads and responses. (Marshak, 2003) EBays keeping the site up and running. In 1999, eBay was galvanized when a catastrophic systems failure blacked out the entire auction site for 22 hours. The company lost millions in transaction fees and billions in market value as investors dumped shares. Two results of the Big Crash remain paramount to this day: first, eBays realization that remaining up on a 24/7 basis is a mission-critical business imperative; and second, the hiring of Maynard Webb as CIO. Every analyst consulted for this story acknowledged Webbs crucial role in eBays evolution. (Hill, 2003) E-business strategies for value chain Internet value chain helps eBay to how use Internet in a company strategically (Figure 3) Impact of government policy It is a set of responsibilities and practices exercised by the board and executive management with the primary purpose of providing strategic intent, or direction, ensuring that corporate objectives are achieved, ascertaining that risks are managed appropriately and verifying that the enterprises resources are used responsibly. This provides a degree of protection to the organization, its customers, suppliers and stakeholders (Chita, 2010) The company has developed a set of community policy in order to consistent and safe trading in the Internet based market. Every year, eBay constantly conducts reviews of its policies and user agreement and makes changes and adjustments. Some of the updates are routine and some of them are necessary due to information system issues. For example, in 2001, when the company had discovered a bug in its registration procedure, it reset the personalized settings for over 6 million of its customers. (Chen, 2005) In terms of consumer protection, eBay say: we treat your information as an asset that must be protected and we use numerous tools (encryption, passwords, physical security, etc.) to protect your personal information against unauthorized access and disclosure. However, as you probably know, third parties may unlawfully intercept or access transmissions or private communications, and other users may abuse or misuse your personal information that they collect from the Site. Therefore, although we work very hard to protect your privacy, we do not promise, and you should not expect, that your personal information or private communications will always remain private (eBay, 2007). For example, eBay changed its policies about some JavaScript functions used in online auctions for security purposes and has PayPal Purchase as discussed above. (Chen, 2005) Moreover, eBay requires that all users be at least 18 years of age. The reason behind this policy is that in the past underage bidders have placed bids on items that they never intended to purchase, and as minors they cannot be held legally responsible. (Chen, 2005) Much investment to avoid a financial loss of data if there is disaster. The system must be strong, reliable and efficient. For example, a security incident would reveal PayPal accounts from users. The firm must to use a methodology as Control Objectives for Information and related Technology (COBIT). It is a good year framework strategy to help organization Maintain and Develop a standard system of IT governance (GOESSLER, unknown date). The model is centered on the client. The structure of employees is dedicated to customer service. The company is headed by the sellers and buyers. They are involved in the transaction. EBay plays a role as an informant and must have to find solutions to meet customer needs, adapting to customers. For example, eBay created a system to evaluate the actors to help sellers and buyers achieve recognition as good sellers those who deliver within the agreed-upon time frame or good buyers those Who Pay for Their order (Zara, 2008). Furthermore, it allows knowing the status and other details as you can see in Figure 4. This system reassures them whether it is a buyer or seller or not reliable. The notation is made from the two previous players of the transactions. Conclusion Strategy information system gives to companies an opportunity to have a gain advantage and other benefits that improve their system, process and services as eBay case. The creating a competitive advantage results comes alignment strategy organizational information systems. Indeed, IS are inevitably associated with government policy, because they have an influence on access to a key resource: information. The concept comes in. The government companies must comply. eBay has tried to avoid policing its site for activities that violate local rules and instead has chosen to issue disclaimers and rely exclusively on its sellers to abide by local rules (Daniel, unknown date). Company must to assurer security of system en permanence as authenticating users, authorizing access, and enforcing security features or security process payment. In this eBays case, is in developing and improving software and digital infrastructure tools that lead to the creation of a safe, secure, information-rich on-line trading community. The companys strategy is to allow users to innovate using the tools that it provides, regardless of what they are buying or selling or where they are buying or selling it (Daniel, unknown date). So, good strategies ISs have contributed to eBays long lasting, success and enhance the position of leader in the global market.